¹ tn Heb “stir up”; “arouse.”

¹ tn Heb “stirred up the spirit of.”

¹ tn Or “raise up” (KJV, NASB); cf. NIV “stir up.”

¹ tn Or “move him to action”; or “stir him.”

² sn Greed “stirs up” the strife. This individual’s attitude and actions stir up dissension because people do not long tolerate him.

¹ tn Heb “like a man of war he stirs up zeal” (NIV similar).

³ tn Heb “and my pain was stirred up.” Emotional pain is in view here.

¹ tn Heb “and the heart of the king of Syria was stirred up over this thing.”

³ tn Or “I have stirred up, aroused.” The translation treats the present tense verb as a conative present.

⁴ tn Or “stirring up” (BDAG 990-91 s.v. ταράσσω 2). The point is the agitation of the crowds.

² tn Heb “and it stirred up its [i.e., the sea’s, see v. 23] waves.”

² tn The verb means “to rouse oneself to excitement.” It naturally means “to be agitated; to be stirred up.”

¹ tn Heb “I stir him up in righteousness”; NASB “I have aroused him.” See the note at 41:2. Cyrus (cf. 44:28) is in view here.

⁵ tc The LXX offers a moralizing translation not too closely tied to the MT: “he who withholds a gift stirs up violent wrath.”

¹ tn Heb “do not be stirred up in the way.” The verb means “stir up.” Some understand the Hebrew verb רָגָז (ragaz, “to stir up”) as a reference to quarreling (see Prov 29:9, where it has this connotation), but in Exod 15:14 and other passages it means “to fear.” This might refer to a fear of robbers, but more likely it is an assuring word that they need not be fearful about returning to Egypt. They might have thought that once Jacob was in Egypt, Joseph would take his revenge on them.

³ tn Or “is stirring you up”; Grk “is troubling you.” In context Paul is referring to the confusion and turmoil caused by those who insist that Gentile converts to Christianity must observe the Mosaic law.

⁵ sn A second part of Paul’s defense is that he did nothing while he was in Jerusalem to cause unrest, neither arguing nor stirring up a crowd in the temple courts or in the synagogues or throughout the city.

³ tn Or “rebellion.” BDAG 72 s.v. ἀναστατόω has “disturb, trouble, upset,” but in light of the references in the following verse to political insurrection, “stirred up rebellion” would also be appropriate.

² tn Heb “arousing.” The form is probably a Polel infinitive absolute, rather than a third masculine singular perfect, for Sheol is grammatically feminine (note “stirred up”). See GKC 466 §145.t.

² tn The translation understands the prefixed verbs יִשְׂמַח (yismakh) and יְרַחֵם (y^erakhem) as preterites without vav (ו) consecutive. (See v. 11 and the note on “he stirred up.”)