¹ tn Heb “upon the tooth of a rock.”

¹ tn Grk “a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense.”

³ tn Heb “They made their faces as hard as a rock.”

¹ tn Heb “over them” (so NASB); NCV “over this rock.”

¹ tn Heb “rock,” used as a metaphor of divine protection.

² tn Heb “he made him suck honey from the rock.”

² tn Heb “rock” or “rocky cliff,” a title that depicts God as a protective refuge in his role as sovereign king; thus the translation “sheltering rock.”

³ tn The LXX translates “dust” [soil] with “rock,” probably in light of the earlier illustration of the tree growing in the rocks.

¹ sn The rock in Palestine would be a limestone base lying right under the soil.

¹ tn Heb “heavy stone” (so NRSV, TEV, NLT); KJV “burdensome stone”; NIV “an immovable rock.”

² tn Heb “Is it not like a hammer that breaks a rock in pieces?” See preceding note.

³ sn The “rock” and “quarry” refer here to Abraham and Sarah, the progenitors of the nation.

¹ tn Heb “rocky cliff” (cf. ASV, NASB “rock”), viewed metaphorically as a place of defense and security.

² tn Heb “my rocky cliff,” which is a metaphor for protection; thus the translation “sheltering rock.”

¹ tn This word, גַּלְמוּד (galmud), describes something as lowly, desolate, bare, gaunt like a rock.

¹ tn Heb “Take the meat…and put [it] on this rock.”

¹ tc The LXX reads Θεός (theos, “God”) for the MT’s “Rock.”

² tn Heb “in the concealed places of the rock”; cf. KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV “in the clefts of the rock”; NCV “the hollow places of the cliff”; CEV “a mountain fortress.”

¹ sn Modern scholars identify this creature with the rock badger (the Syrian hyrax), a small mammal that lives in the crevices of the rock. Its wisdom consists in its ingenuity to find a place of security.

⁴ tn Heb “the God of the rock of my deliverance.” The term צוּר (tsur, “rock”) is probably accidentally repeated from the previous line. The parallel version in Ps 18:46 has simply “the God of my deliverance.”