¹ tn Or “Do not speak harshly to an older man.”

¹ tn Heb “elder” (so ASV, NAB, NIV, NRSV); NCV “older leaders.”

³ sn Ironically the attitude of the older son has left him outside and without joy.

¹ tn The Hebrew term is רֹאֶה (roʾeh, “seer”), an older word for נָבִיא (naviʾ, “prophet”).

¹ tn Heb “and the words of Esau her older son were told to Rebekah.”

³ sn The Salt Sea is the older name for the Dead Sea.

¹ tn Grk “he”; the referent (the older son, v. 25) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³ tn Grk “he tears.” The point is that the new garment will be ruined to repair an older, less valuable one.

¹ tn Heb “elders of the priests” (so KJV, NAB, NASB); NCV “the older priests”; NRSV, TEV, CEV “the senior priests.”

² tn Heb “for all the older [ones] the raiding party that came with the Arabs to the camp had killed.”

² sn Jebus was an older name for the city of Jerusalem (cf. Josh 15:8; Judg 1:21).

² tn Heb “take.” In context this refers to marriage, as in the older English expression “take a wife.”

¹ tn This could refer to rock crystal, but it is possible this refers to ice (an older meaning). See BDAG 571 s.v. κρύσταλλος.

² sn By referring to him as your brother, the father reminded the older brother that the younger brother was part of the family.

³ sn The charge concerning the prostitutes is unproven, but essentially the older brother accuses the father of committing an injustice by rewarding his younger son’s unrighteous behavior.

² tn Or simply, “have served,” but in the emotional context of the older son’s outburst the translation given is closer to the point.

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the result of the older son hearing the noise of the celebration in progress.

¹ sn The expression an older generation can be understood to refer to the Israelites at the time of the Exodus, the original audience for the ten commandments.

¹ tn Heb “fulfill the period of seven of this one.” The referent of “this one” has been specified in the translation as “my older daughter” for clarity.

² sn Continuing the little brother/older sister imagery of 8:1, the Beloved suggests that if she had been an older sister and he had been her little brother, she would have been able to nurse Solomon. This is a euphemism for her sensual desire to offer her breasts to Solomon in marital lovemaking.