⁴ tn The participle κρίναντες (krinantes) is instrumental here.

¹ tn Heb “after [are] the stringed instrument players.”

³ tn Heb “from the palaces of ivory stringed instrument[s] make you happy.”

² tn The participle ἐκκολυμβήσας (ekkolumbēsas) has been taken instrumentally.

⁶ tn The participle λέγων (legōn) has been regarded as indicating instrumentality.

⁴ tn Heb “For the leader, on my stringed instruments.”

² tn Heb “and music [or perhaps, “stringed instruments”] we will play.”

⁴ tn Heb “because of the sword.” The term “sword” is a metonymy of instrument (= sword) for the persons who use the instrument (= murderers or marauders).

¹ sn This was a long, straight, metallic instrument used for signal calls, rather than the traditional ram’s horn (both instruments are typically translated “trumpet” by English versions).

¹ tn Grk “having become”; the participle γενόμενος (genomenos) has been taken instrumentally.

¹ tn Grk “by receiving authority.” The participle λαβών (labōn) has been taken instrumentally.

² tn Or “by resurrecting.” The participle ἀναστήσας (anastēsas) is taken as instrumental here.

² sn This would have been primarily instrumental music, but might include singing as well.

³ sn The stringed instruments mentioned here are probably harps (cf. NIV, NRSV) or lutes (cf. NEB).

¹ tn Heb “shofar,” a ram’s horn rather than a brass instrument (so throughout the chapter).

¹ tn The term used refers to one who plays a stringed instrument, perhaps a harp.

² tn Two types of stringed instruments are specifically mentioned, the כִּנּוֹר (kinnor, “zither” [?]), and נֶבֶל (nevel, “harp”).

² tn Heb “with tambourines, with joy, and with three-stringed instruments.”

⁴ tn The meaning of the Hebrew phrase חָשְׁבוּ לָהֶם (khash^evu lahem) is uncertain. Various options include: (1) “they think their musical instruments are like David’s”; (2) “they consider themselves musicians like David”; (3) “they esteem musical instruments highly like David”; (4) “they improvise [new songs] for themselves [on] instruments like David”; and (5) “they invent musical instruments like David.” However, the most commonly accepted interpretation is that given in the translation (see S. M. Paul, Amos [Hermeneia], 206-7).

¹ tn Two types of stringed instruments are specifically mentioned in the Hebrew text, the כִּנּוֹר (kinnor, “zither”) and נֶבֶל (nevel, “harp”).