² tn Grk “all impurity.”

¹ tn Heb “in the menstruation of her impurity”; NIV “during the uncleanness of her monthly period.”

² tn Heb “and if a man indeed lies with her and her menstrual impurity is on him.”

¹ tn Heb “evil.” The context makes clear that this is a matter of ritual impurity, not moral impurity, so it is “evil” in the sense that it disbars one from certain religious activity.

³ tn Heb “to all his impurity.” The phrase refers to the impurity of the person whom the man touches to become unclean (see the previous clause). To clarify this, the translation uses “that person’s” rather than “his.”

³ tn Heb “for sin and for impurity.” The purpose implied here has been stated explicitly in the translation for clarity.

¹ tn The Hebrew term can refer to menstrual impurity. The term also occurs at the end of v. 20.

¹ sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

³ sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

² sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

¹ sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

² sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

² sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

² sn The focus of sin offering “atonement” was purging impurities from the tabernacle (see the note on Lev 1:4).

² tn The expression לְמֵי נִדָּה (l^eme niddah) is “for waters of impurity.” The genitive must designate the purpose of the waters—they are for cases of impurity, and so serve for cleansing or purifying, thus “water of purification.” The word “impurity” can also mean “abhorrent” because it refers to so many kinds of impurities. It is also called a purification offering; Milgrom notes that this is fitting because the sacrificial ritual involved transfers impurity from the purified to the purifier (pp. 62-72).

³ sn The metaphors of silver becoming impure and beer being watered down picture the moral and ethical degeneration that had occurred in Jerusalem.

³ sn The “purification offering” cleansed the tabernacle from impurity, and the burnt offering atoned by nullifying and removing the effects of sin in the Levites.

³ tn Heb “and his impurity [is] on him”; NIV “is ceremonially unclean”; NAB, NRSV “while he is in a state of uncleanness.”

² tn Here BDAG 552 s.v. κοινός 2 states, “pert. to being of little value because of being common, common, ordinary, profane…b. specifically, of that which is ceremonially impure: Rv 21:27.”

⁴ tn Heb “[an] unclean”; or “[an] impure.” This fate would be especially humiliating for a priest, who was to distinguish between the ritually clean and unclean (see Lev 10:10).