⁴ tn Heb “have devoured Jacob.”

¹ tn Heb “a fire devours before it.”

¹ tn Heb “they will devour nations,” their adversaries.

⁴ tn Heb “their rejoicing is like devouring the poor in secret.”

² tn Heb “and a sword not of humankind will devour him.”

¹ tn Heb “and he devoured, even devouring.” The infinitive absolute (following the finite verb here) is used for emphasis.

² tn The verb אָכַל (ʾakhal, “to consume, to devour”) is used twice for emphasis: “the fire will consume you, the sword…will devour you.”

¹ tn Heb “foreigners consume his strength”; cf. NRSV “devour (NIV “sap”) his strength.”

¹ tn Heb “As for your land, before you foreigners are devouring it.”

¹ tn Heb “and he sent an insect swarm against them and it devoured them.”

¹ tn Heb “fire before him devours, and around him it is very stormy.”

² tn Heb “devoured” or “eaten” (so also in Neh 2:13).

² tn Heb “according to this and according to this the sword devours.”

¹ tn Heb “and they devoured Israel with all the mouth”; NIV “with open mouth”; TLB “With bared fangs.”

⁴ tn Heb “destroy.” The translation “devour” carries through the imagery of a locust plague earlier in this verse.

³ tn Heb “mouth of the sword.” It means as the sword devours—without quarter (S. R. Driver, Exodus, 159).

¹ tn This verb is often used of a lion’s roar, so the psalmist may be comparing the enemy to a raging, devouring lion.

² sn To devour my flesh. The psalmist compares his enemies to dangerous, hungry predators (see 2 Kgs 9:36; Ezek 39:17).

² sn This is another graphic description. The younger son’s consumption had been like a glutton. He had both figuratively and literally devoured the assets which were given to him.

⁶ tn Heb “they fly like a vulture/an eagle quickly to devour.” The direct object “their prey” is not included in the Hebrew text but is implied, and has been supplied in the translation for clarity.