² tn Heb “his attendants, doers of his desire.”

¹ tn The participle προσδραμών (prosdramōn) is regarded as attendant circumstance.

¹ tn Heb “to his companion who had been his attendant.”

² tn The participle πορευθέντες (poreuthentes) has been taken as indicating attendant circumstance.

⁵ tn The participle πορευθέντες (poreuthentes) has been taken as indicating attendant circumstance.

² tn Grk “seizing him.” The participle λαβόντες (labontes) has been translated as attendant circumstance.

² tn Grk “seizing him.” The participle λαβόντες (labontes) has been translated as attendant circumstance.

¹ tc Heb “and his attendants a flaming fire.” The lack of agreement between the singular “fire” and plural “attendants” has prompted various emendations. Some read “fire and flame.” The present translation assumes an emendation from מְשָׁרְתָיו (m^eshar^etayv, “his attendants”) to מְשָׁרְתוֹ (m^eshar^eto, “his attendant”), a reading supported by one of the Dead Sea Scrolls, 4Q⁹³.

¹ tn Heb “I and my female attendants.” The translation reverses the order for stylistic reasons.

¹ tn Heb “the temple attendants.” The pronoun “them” has been substituted in the translation for stylistic reasons.

² tn Heb “the seating of his servants and the standing of his attendants.”

² tn Heb “[was] with” (so KJV, ASV); NASB “tutored”; NRSV “attended”; NLT “was responsible to teach.’

² tn Heb “the seating of his servants and the standing of his attendants.”

¹ sn The Hebrew verb translated became his personal attendant refers to higher domestic service, usually along the lines of a personal attendant. Here Joseph is made the household steward, a position well-attested in Egyptian literature.

² tn Grk “through many witnesses.” The “through” is used here to show attendant circumstances: “accompanied by,” “in the presence of.”

¹ tn This participle, ἀναστάς (anastas), and the following one, κατασείσας (kataseisas), are both translated as adverbial participles of attendant circumstance.

³ tn Grk “taking hold [of the man].” The participle ἐπιλαβόμενος (epilabomenos) has been taken as indicating attendant circumstance.

¹ tn Heb “whom he caused to stand before her”; NASB “whom the king had appointed to attend her.”

² tn Heb “Attend to this accursed woman and bury her for she was the daughter of a king.”

⁴ tn The aorist participle ἀποφυγόντες (apophugontes) is often taken as attendant circumstance to the preceding verb γένησθε (genēsthe). As such, the sense is “that you might become partakers…and might escape…” However, it does not follow the contours of the vast majority of attendant circumstance participles (in which the participle precedes the main verb, among other things). Further, attendant circumstance participles are frequently confused with result participles (which do follow the verb). Many who take this as attendant circumstance are probably viewing it semantically as result (“that you might become partakers…and [thereby] escape…”). But this is next to impossible since the participle is aorist: Result participles are categorically present tense.