¹ tn Or “attack.”

³ tn Heb “attacked” or “smote.”

¹ tn Heb “struck, attacked.”

³ tn Grk “stronger man than he attacks.”

¹ tn Heb “forehead,” picturing Gad attacking prey.

¹ tn Heb “If Esau comes to one camp and attacks it.”

¹ tn Heb “then Menahem attacked Tiphsah and all who were in it and its borders from Tirzah, for it would not open, and he attacked.”

⁸ tn Or “pass through you” (NASB); or “march against you”; NCV “attack you.”

¹ sn Jerualem is personified as a young maiden helpless before enemy attackers.

³ tn The words “will attack” are supplied in the translation for clarification.

⁵ tn The term “innocent” (נָקִי, naqi) intimates that the person to be attacked is harmless.

⁷ tn The imperfect verbal form draws attention to the continuing nature of the enemies’ attacks.

¹ tn Heb “sent forth his hand”; NAB, NIV “attacked”; NLT “tried to destroy.” Cf. 9:2.

¹ tn Heb “set ambushers against.” This is probably idiomatic here for launching a surprise attack.

⁴ tn The word “attacks” is supplied in the translation both for clarity and for stylistic reasons.

² tn Heb “Who should first go up for us against the Canaanites to attack them?”

² tn Heb “Come up with me into our allotted land and let us attack the Canaanites.”

¹ sn Your creditors will suddenly attack. The Babylonians are addressed directly here. They have robbed and terrorized others, but now the situation will be reversed as their creditors suddenly attack them.

² tc Heb “they attack [for] war.” Some revocalize the verb (which is a Qal imperfect from גּוּר, gur, “to attack”) as יְגָרוּ (y^egaru), a Piel imperfect from גָרָה (garah, “stir up strife”). This is followed in the present translation.

⁴ sn In the darkness. The enemies’ attack, the precise form of which is not indicated, is compared here to a night ambush by archers; the psalmist is defenseless against this deadly attack.