⁸ tn Heb “Philistines.”

² tn Heb “all the Philistines.”

² tn Heb “the Philistines.”

² tn Heb “in Ashdod and among the Philistines.”

¹ tn Heb “the spirit of the Philistines.”

² tn Heb “in the days of the Philistines.”

¹ tn Heb “and the leaders of the Philistines said.”

² tn Heb “for an opportunity he was seeking from the Philistines.”

³ sn See further Jer 47:1-7 for the judgment against the Philistines. The Philistine cities were west of Judah.

⁷ tn Heb “and the remnant of the Philistines will perish.” The translation above assumes that reference is made to other Philistines beside those living in the cities mentioned. Another option is to translate, “Every last Philistine will die.”

¹ tn Or perhaps “struck down the Philistine official.” See the note at 1 Sam 10:5. Cf. TEV “killed the Philistine commander.”

² sn Joppa was a seaport on the Philistine coast, in the same location as modern Jaffa.

⁴ sn Ashkelon was one of the five major Philistine cities (along with Ashdod, Ekron, Gaza, and Gath).

⁵ sn Ekron was one of the five major Philistine cities (along with Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gaza, and Gath).

³ sn Ashdod was one of the five major Philistine cities (along with Ashkelon, Ekron, Gaza, and Gath).

² sn This is a name for the Philistines, many of whom migrated to Palestine from Crete.

¹ sn The Philistines inhabited the coastal plain by the Mediterranean Sea, west of Judah.

⁴ tn Heb “they”; the referent (the Philistines) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

² tn Heb “from the hand of the Philistines.” Here “hand” is figurative language for “control.”

² tn Heb “the Philistines.” The translation has substituted the pronoun “they” to avoid redundancy.