³ tn Heb “Gilead and Bashan belonged to him.”

⁴ tn Heb “leader of us and all who live in Gilead.”

¹ tn Heb “all the land of Gilead, the Gadites, and the Reubenites, and the Manassehites, from Aroer which is near the Arnon Valley, and Gilead, and Bashan.”

⁴ sn The regions of Bashan and Gilead, located in Transjordan, were noted for their rich grazing lands.

⁴ tn Heb “they threshed [or “trampled down”] Gilead with sharp iron implements” (NASB similar).

³ tn Heb “they”; the referent (the inhabitants of Gilead) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹ tn Heb “Should we go against Ramoth Gilead for war or should I refrain?”

¹ tn Heb “Should I go against Ramoth Gilead for war or should I refrain?”

¹ tn Heb “Look, no one had come to the camp from Jabesh Gilead to the assembly.”

² sn The land of Gilead was on the eastern side of the Jordan River.

³ tn Heb “From Mizpah in Gilead he passed through [to] the Ammonites.”

¹ tn Heb “Now he was the son of a woman, a prostitute, and Gilead fathered Jephthah.”

⁴ sn The Ammonites ripped open Gilead’s pregnant women in conjunction with a military invasion designed to expand their territory. Such atrocities, although repugnant, were not uncommon in ancient Near Eastern warfare.

³ sn Through battle. This probably refers to the battle against Jabesh Gilead, which only produced 400 of the 600 wives needed.

³ tc The Hebrew text has “in the cities of Gilead.” The present translation has support from some ancient Greek textual witnesses.

² tn Heb “they call them Havvoth Jair to this day—which are in the land of Gilead.”

¹ sn Apparently the people of Gilead remained on the other side of the river and did not participate in the battle.

² tn Heb “to Makir, the firstborn of Manasseh, the father of Gilead, for he was a man of war.”

³ sn On the assignment of Manasseh’s territory in Gilead and Bashan, see Josh 13:31.

⁷ sn Gilead is a mountainous region on the eastern side of the Jordan River in what is today the country of Jordan.