⁴ tn Heb “O Daughter of Edom.”

² tn Heb “O Daughter of Edom.”

⁶ tn Heb “12,000 of Edom.” Perhaps one should read אֲרַם (’aram, “Aram”) here rather than אֱדוֹם (’edom, “Edom”).

¹ sn Edom was located south of Moab.

¹ tn Or “you have indeed defeated Edom.”

¹ tn Heb “when David was [fighting (?)] with Edom.”

¹ sn Mount Seir is synonymous with Edom.

⁶ sn The metaphor in v. 11b emphasizes that God has carefully planned Edom’s demise.

² sn Teman was a city or region in southern Edom.

¹ sn Teman was an important region (or perhaps city) in Edom.

³ sn Bozrah was a city located in northern Edom.

¹ tn Heb “you say [to yourself], ‘look, you have defeated Edom.’”

² tn Heb “until he had cut off every male in Edom.”

² tn Heb “take possession of the remnant of Edom”; cf. NASB, NIV, NRSV “possess the remnant of Edom.”

¹ sn See further Jer 49:7-22 for the judgment against Edom. Edom, Moab, and Ammon were east of Judah.

⁵ tn The Hebrew preposition לְ (l^e) is better translated here as “concerning” (so KJV, ASV, NASB, NRSV, NLT) or “about” (so NIV, NCV, TEV, CEV) Edom than as “to” Edom, although much of the book does speak directly to Edom.

² sn Dedan. The Dedanites were an Arabian tribe who lived to the southeast of Edom. They are warned here to disassociate themselves from Edom because Edom is about to suffer disaster.

¹ tc Some prefer to read “the king of Edom” and “for Edom” here. The names Syria (Heb “Aram,” אֲרָם, ʾaram) and Edom (אֱדֹם, ʾedom) are easily confused in the Hebrew consonantal script.

⁴ sn Mount Seir is synonymous with Edom. “By way of Mount Seir” refers to the route from Horeb that ended up in Edom Cf. CEV “by way of the Mount Seir Road”; TEV “by way of the hill country of Edom.”

¹ sn Seir is the chief mountain range of Edom (Deut 33:2), and so the reference here is to the general area of Edom.