¹ tn Or “testify.”

³ tn Grk “testify.”

¹ tn Grk “when she testified.”

¹ tn Or “testify against.”

² tn Heb “testified among.”

² tn Grk “testified the good confession.”

² tn Grk “and testified and said.”

¹ tn Or perhaps “to testify against his people.”

¹ tn Grk “I am the one who testifies about myself.”

¹ tn The Hophal perfect has the idea of “attested, testified against.”

² sn The Lord testified to the message by granting the signs described in the following clause.

¹ tn Or “All the prophets testify about him.” Although modern English translations tend to place “about him” after “testify” (so NIV, NRSV) the phrase “about him” has been left at the beginning of v. 43 for emphatic reasons.

³ sn Whom God raised. God is the main actor here, as he testifies to Jesus and vindicates him.

² tn Grk “testified, saying.” The participle λέγων (legōn) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.

⁴ tn Heb “has testified against me” (KJV, ASV both similar); NAB “has pronounced against me.” The idiom עָנַה בִי (ʿanah vi, “testify against”) is well attested elsewhere in legal settings (see BDB 773 s.v. עָנָה Qal.3.a; HALOT 852 s.v. I ענה qal.2). Naomi uses a legal metaphor and depicts the Lord as testifying against her in court.

³ tn Grk “about whom.” The relative pronoun (“whom”) was replaced by the pronoun “him” and a new sentence was begun in the translation at this point to improve the English style, due to the length of the sentence in Greek. The verb εἶπεν (eipen) has not been translated (literally “he said testifying”) because it is redundant when combined with the participle μαρτυρήσας (marturēsas, “testifying”). Instead the construction of verb plus participle has been translated as a single English verb (“testified”).

⁸ tn The genitive ᾿Ιησοῦ (Iēsou) has been translated as an objective genitive here. A subjective genitive, also possible, would produce the meaning “who hold to what Jesus testifies.”

³ tn These are participles (“encouraging and testifying”) showing purpose. The pronoun object “you” is omitted in Greek but implied by the context.

¹ tn BDAG 233 s.v. διαμαρτύρομαι 1 has “testify of, bear witness to (orig. under oath)…of repentance to Judeans and Hellenes Ac 20:21.”

⁴ tn BDAG 233 s.v. διαμαρτύρομαι 1 has “testify of, bear witness to solemnly (orig. under oath)…W. acc. and inf. foll. Ac 18:5.”