⁴ tn The disjunctive clause structure (vav plus subject plus negated verb) highlights the statement and brings their argument to a conclusion.

³ tn The perfect verbal form with vav (ו) consecutive here indicates consequence. The collocation הָיָה plus preposition ל (hayah plus lamed) means “become.”

¹ tn Heb “Now Noah was.” The disjunctive clause (conjunction plus subject plus predicate nominative after implied “to be” verb) provides background information. The age of Noah receives prominence.

¹ tn The disjunctive clause (conjunction plus subject plus verb) is contrastive here: God condemns the human race, but he is pleased with Noah.

¹ tn Heb “But Abel brought, also he….” The disjunctive clause (conjunction plus subject plus verb) stresses the contrast between Cain’s offering and Abel’s.

³ tn Following an imperative, a vav plus imperfect verb can depict purpose or result.

² tn Following an imperative, a vav plus imperfect verb can depict purpose or result.

² tn The vav prefixed to וְיַעֲשֵׂם (v^eyaʿasem, conjunction plus Qal imperfect third person masculine singular from עָשַׂה, ʿasah, “to do” plus third person masculine plural suffix) functions in an explanatory or epexegetical sense (“For…”).

⁵ tn The relative pronoun שֶׁ (she) on שֶׁאַנִּיחֶנּוּ (sheʾannikhennu, relative pronoun שֶׁ plus Hiphil imperfect first person common singular from נוּחַ, nuakh, “to leave” plus third person masculine singular suffix) is causal: “Because I must leave it behind.”

³ tn The preposition ב (bet) on בְּשֶׁכְּבָר (b^eshekk^evar, the adverb כְּבָר [k^evar, “already”] plus relative pronoun שֶׁ [she] plus preposition ב) is probably best classified as causal: “Because…already.”

³ tn Like the similar use of “honor” in v. 3, this phrase denotes both respect and remuneration: “honor plus honorarium.”

¹ tn The vav plus imperative “and live” expresses purpose, as is common with volitional verbs in a series.

¹ tn The verb קָרָא (qaraʾ) plus the preposition “to”—“to call to” someone means “to summon” that person.

¹ tn The combination of הִנֵּה (hinneh) plus the participle expresses imminent future, that he is about to do something.

² tn Here the preposition ἐν (en) plus the dative articular aorist infinitive has been translated as a temporal clause (ExSyn 595).

² tn The vav plus the imperfect conjugation verb וְיִשְׁתֹּק (v^eyishtoq, “to be quiet”) here denotes purpose/result (see IBHS 638-40 §38.3).

² sn The six men plus the scribe would equal seven, which was believed by the Babylonians to be the number of planetary deities.

¹ tn The vav on וְיִשְׁלַט (v^eyishlat, conjunction plus Qal imperfect third person masculine singular from שָׁלַט, shalat, “to be master”) is adversative (“yet”).

¹ tn Here again is a use of the futur instans participle; the deictic particle plus the pronoun precedes the participle, showing what is about to happen.

³ tn The construction, with a vav plus perfect consecutive (veqatal) of הָיָה (hayah) shows that this was a repeated practice and not merely one action.