³ sn That is, the Red Sea.

² tn Heb “[in] bright red garments, from Bozrah.”

² tn Heb “the cord of this red thread.”

⁴ tn L&N 79.33 states, “‘fiery red’…. One may also render ‘fiery red’ as ‘red like fire’ or ‘the color of fire.’”

¹ tn Or “red and gloomy” (L&N 14.56).

² sn Carnelian is a semiprecious gemstone, usually red in color (L&N 2.36).

² sn Carnelian was a semiprecious gemstone, usually red in color (L&N 2.36).

¹ sn The psalmist recalls the crossing of the Red Sea (Exod 14:21).

¹ tn Heb “Reed Sea.” See note on the term “Red Sea” in Deut 1:40.

¹ tc The MT reads מְאָדָּם (m^eʾoddam, “reddened”) from אָדֹם (ʾadom, “red”). The LXX read the text as מֵאָדָם (meʾadam, “from man”) confusing the roots אָדָם (“man”) and אָדֹם (“red”).

¹ tn Heb “Reed Sea.” “Reed Sea” (or “Sea of Reeds”) is a more accurate rendering of the Hebrew expression יָם סוּף (yam suf), traditionally translated “Red Sea.” See note on the term “Red Sea” in Exod 13:18.

¹ tn The “Red Sea” is the general designation for the bodies of water on either side of the Sinai peninsula, even though they are technically gulfs from the Red Sea.

¹ tn L&N 79.31 states, “‘fiery red’ (probably with a tinge of yellow or orange).”

¹ tn The waters of the Red Sea are here personified; they are portrayed as seeing God and fearing him.

¹ tn The Hebrew term אַיָּל (ʾayyal) may refer to a type of deer (cf. Arabic ʾayyal). Cf. NAB “the red deer.”

¹ tc For the MT reading אֲמֻצִּים (ʾamutsim, “strong”) Aquila and Syriac presuppose אֲדֻמִּים (ʾadummim, “red”), thus giving the red horse an assignment and eliminating the problem of a fifth, “spotted” horse. The fourth would be a mottled red horse according to this view. There is, however, no manuscript support for this interpretation.

¹ tn An intensive form, a Qetaltal form of the root חָמַר (khamar, “red”) is used here. This word has as probable derivatives חֹמֶר (khomer, “[red] clay”) and חֲמוֹר (khamor, “[red] ass”) and the like. Because of the weeping, his whole complexion has been reddened (the LXX reads “my belly”).

³ tn The color is designated as red, although the actual color would be a tanned red-brown color for the animal (see the usage in Isa 1:18 and Song 5:10). The reddish color suggested the blood of ritual purification; see J. Milgrom, “The Paradox of the Red Cow (Num 19),” VT 31 (1981): 62-72.

² tn Heb “the Reed Sea.” “Reed” is a better translation of the Hebrew סוּף (suf), traditionally rendered “red.” The name “Red Sea” is based on the LXX which referred to it as ἐρυθρᾶς θαλάσσης (eruthras thalassēs, “red sea”). Nevertheless, because the body of water in question is known in modern times as the Red Sea, this term was used in the translation. The part of the Red Sea in view here is not the one crossed in the exodus but its eastern arm, now known as the Gulf of Eilat or Gulf of Aqaba.

⁵ tn On this term BDAG 1022 s.v. ὑακίνθινος states, “hyacinth-colored, i.e., dark blue (dark red?) w. πύρινος Rv 9:17.”