¹ tn The proverb is identical to 18:8 (see notes there); it observes how appealing gossip is.

¹ sn A shrewd person knows how to use knowledge wisely, and restrains himself from revealing all he knows.

¹ tn The infinitive construct “calling out” functions epexegetically in the sentence, explaining how the previous action was accomplished.

⁵ sn Death shows no respect for anyone. No matter how wise or foolish an individual happens to be, all pass away.

³ tn The interrogative construction עַד־מֶה (ʿad meh, “how long?”), is understood by ellipsis in the second line.

³ tn The Hebrew term מָה (mah, “how”) is used here as an adverbial exclamation (see BDB 553 s.v.).

¹ tn The interrogative “How often” occurs only with the first colon; it is supplied for smoother reading in the next two.

¹ tn Heb “and serve them and answer them,” understood as “serve them in how you answer them,” hence “grant their request.”

² tn Verse 50 is a summary statement; v. 51 gives a more detailed account of how David killed the Philistine.

¹ tn The name “Obed” means “one who serves,” perhaps anticipating how he would help Naomi (see v. 15).

² tn Heb “which he sinned on it”; cf. ASV “confess that wherein he hath sinned”; NCV “must tell how he sinned.”

¹ tn These too are adverbial in relation to the main clause, telling how long Moses was with Yahweh on the mountain.

¹ tn The verb is מֵאַנְתָּ (meʾanta), a Piel perfect. After “how long,” the form may be classified as present perfect (“how long have you refused), for it describes actions begun previously but with the effects continuing. (See GKC 311 §106.g-h). The use of a verb describing a state or condition may also call for a present translation (“how long do you refuse”) that includes past, present, and potentially future, in keeping with the question “how long.”

¹ sn You are spies. Joseph wanted to see how his brothers would react if they were accused of spying.

² tn Heb “How Sheshach has been captured, and the pride of the whole earth has been seized! How Babylon has become an object of horror among the nations!” For the usage of “How” here, see the translator’s note on 50:23.

² sn This proverb reflects standard procedure in the business world. When negotiating the transaction the buyer complains how bad the deal is for him, or how worthless the prospective purchase, but then later brags about what a good deal he got. The proverb will alert the inexperienced as to how things are done.

¹ tn Grk “You yourselves know, from the first day I set foot in Asia, how I was with you the whole time.” This could be understood to mean “how I stayed with you the whole time,” but the following verses make it clear that Paul’s lifestyle while with the Ephesians is in view here. Thus the translation “how I lived the whole time I was with you” makes this clear.

⁴ sn The faith that is through Jesus. Note how this verse explains how the claim to “faith in Jesus’ name” works and what it means. To appeal to the name is to point to the person. It is not clear that the man expressed faith before the miracle. This could well be a “grace-faith miracle” where God grants power through the apostles to picture how much a gift life is (Luke 17:11-19). Christology and grace are emphasized here.

¹ tn Grk “not as lording it over…but being examples.” The participles continue the command of v. 2 by describing how the shepherding should be carried out.

¹ tn Grk “because now we live,” in comparison with his feelings of dread in not knowing how they were doing (cf. 2:17-3:5).