¹ tn BDAG 922 s.v. σιγάω 1.b lists this passage under the meaning “stop speaking, become silent.”

¹ sn The proconsul was the Roman official who ruled over a province traditionally under the control of the Roman senate.

³ sn The proconsul was the Roman official who ruled over a province traditionally under the control of the Roman senate.

³ tn Grk “Give glory to God” (an idiomatic formula used in placing someone under oath to tell the truth).

² sn The confidence Peter has in private (Lord, I am ready…) will wilt under the pressure of the public eye.

¹ sn Those who are far away is probably a reference to later groups of returning exiles under Ezra, Nehemiah, and others.

⁴ sn For the concept underlying the words translated here “completely destroy,” see the study note on Jer 25:9.

⁴ sn The Greek historian Herodotus reports that Ashdod had been destroyed under the Pharaoh who preceded Necho, Psammetichus.

² sn In Canaanite mythology the stars of El were astral deities under the authority of the high god El.

¹ tn Heb “to be to her according to the law of the women”; NASB “under the regulations for the women.”

² tn Heb “in his days Edom rebelled from under the hand of Judah and enthroned a king over them.”

¹ tn Heb “in his days Edom rebelled from under the hand of Judah and enthroned a king over them.”

² tn Heb “because of the battles which surrounded him until the Lord placed them under the soles of his feet.”

¹ tn Here and throughout the line is literally “[under] the standard of the camp of Reuben…according to their divisions.”

² tn Heb “soul under soul.” Cf. KJV “beast for beast”; NCV “must give…another animal to take its place.”

¹ tn Heb “which shall be under him.” The verb is perhaps a future perfect, “which shall have been.”

¹ sn The underlying point of this section remains vital today: The people of God must treat all human life as sacred.

² tn Heb “in every time,” meaning “in all normal cases” or “under normal circumstances.” The same phrase occurs in v. 26.

¹ tn BDAG 1042 s.v. ὑποτρέχω states, “run or sail under the lee of, nautical t.t.…Ac 27:16.” The participle ὑποδραμόντες (hupodramontes) has been taken temporally (“as we ran under the lee of”). While this could also be translated as a participle of means (“by running…”) this might suggest the ship was still under a greater degree of control by its crew than it probably was.

¹ tn Heb “slaves.” While indicating that social structures are awry, the expression “slaves rule over us” might be an idiom for “tyrants rule over us.” This might find its counterpart in the gnomic truth that the most ruthless rulers are made of former slaves: “Under three things the earth quakes, under four it cannot bear up: under a slave when he becomes king” (Prov 30:21-22a).