¹ tn The Greek phrasing emphasizes this point by negating the opposite: “so that they would not be made perfect without us.”

⁴ tn Or “a Roman citizen and uncondemned.” BDAG 35 s.v. ἀκατάκριτος has “uncondemned, without due process” for this usage.

³ tn Or “in public, uncondemned.” BDAG 35 s.v. ἀκατάκριτος has “uncondemned, without due process” for this usage.

⁴ tn The Greek term here, αὐτομάτη (automatē), indicates something that happens without visible cause (BDAG 152 s.v. αὐτόματος).

⁴ tn Heb “changes.” The imagery in this verse about gold is without parallel in the Bible and uncertain in precise nuance.

³ sn The metaphor is intended to depict Israel’s lack of clear direction and purpose without the Lord’s control.

² tn On the meaning of זַלְזַל (zalzal, “shoot [of the vine] without fruit buds”) see HALOT 272 s.v. *זַלְזַל.

⁴ sn This verse describes wounds like those one would receive in battle. These wounds are comprehensive and without remedy.

² tn Heb “you did not go out with our armies.” The prefixed verbal form is a preterite (without vav [ו] consecutive).

² tn The Hebrew word means “the men who know,” and without a complement it means “to possess knowledge.”

¹ tn The verbs in this verse are plural; without the expressed subject they should be taken in the passive sense.

¹ tn The jussive is occasionally used without its normal sense and only as an imperfect (see GKC 323 §109.k).

³ tn חִנָּם (khinnam) is adverbial, meaning “gratuitously, without a cause, for no reason, undeservedly.” See its use in 2:4.

² tn Heb “there is not except you to help between many with regard to [the one] without strength.”

¹ tn The construction (Qal of קוּץ + בְּ [quts + bet] preposition) is rare, but not without parallel (see Lev 20:23).

¹ tn Heb “for without knowledge he killed his neighbor, and he was not hating him prior to that.”

⁴ tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, which the translation indicates with the words “without fail.”

¹ tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute for emphasis, indicated in the translation by the words “without fail.”

² tn The verb is the third person plural form; without an expressed subject it is treated as a passive.

³ tn Heb “a she-goat of goats, a female without defect”; NAB “an unblemished she-goat.”