¹ sn In vv. 5-9 Isaiah addresses the battered nation (5-8) and speaks as their representative (9).

³ sn The words “eyes” and “heart” are metonymies of subject representing the faculties of each. Cf. CEV “think about it all.”

¹ tn Heb “the hairy forehead of the one who walks about in his guilt.” The singular is representative.

¹ tn The psalmist uses the singular because he is referring to himself here as representative of a larger group.

² tn Heb “his.” The pronoun has been translated as plural to agree with the representative or typical “godly” in v. 30.

³ tn The singular form is collective (see v. 10) or refers to the typical or representative oppressed individual.

⁵ tn Heb “him.” The singular form is used here in a collective or representative sense and is thus translated “them.”

¹ tn The words “they say” are supplied in the translation for clarification. The quotation represents the words of the rebellious kings.

¹ tn Heb “the eyelids,” but it represents the early beams of the dawn as the cover of night lifts.

¹ tn Heb “two, three.” The narrator may be intentionally vague or uncertain here, or the two numbers may represent alternate traditions.

² tn Heb “godly man.” The reference is probably to Moses as representative of the whole tribe of Levi.

¹ tn The singular participle is to be taken here as a collective, representing all the inhabitants of the land.

³ sn The reason that Hosea (representing the Lord) calls upon his children (representing the children of Israel) to plead with Gomer (representing the nation as a whole), rather than pleading directly with her himself, is because Hosea (the Lord) has turned his back on his unfaithful wife (Israel). He no longer has a relationship with her (“for she is not my wife, and I am not her husband”) because she abandoned him for her lovers.

³ tn BDAG 778 s.v. παρίστημι/παριστάνω 1.b has “present, represent—α. lit. τινά τινι someone to someone παρέστησαν τὸν Παῦλον αὐτῷ Ac 23:33.”

¹ tn Grk “And.” Since this represents a response to the reported ambush, καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the logical sequence.

¹ tn Grk “And.” Since this represents a response to Paul’s reply in v. 19, καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the logical sequence.

⁶ tn Grk “and.” Since this represents a continuation of the speech begun in v. 1, καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the logical sequence.

⁴ tn The words “to say to us” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. Cornelius knows Peter is God’s representative, bringing God’s message.

² sn The expression the right hand of God represents supreme power and authority. Its use here sets up the quotation of Ps 110:1 in v. 34.

¹ sn The phrase in the last days is not quoted from Joel, but represents Peter’s interpretive explanation of the current events as falling “in the last days.”