¹ sn The instructions here call for the altar to be made of natural things, not things manufactured or shaped by man. The altar was either to be made of clumps of earth or natural, unhewn rocks.

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the somewhat parenthetical nature of the description of the city.

¹ tn Grk “And.” Because this remark is somewhat resumptive in nature, “as for” is used in the translation.

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the somewhat parenthetical nature of the remarks that follow.

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the parenthetical nature of the following description of the beast.

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” in keeping with the parenthetical nature of this remark.

¹ tn “Thus” is supplied to indicate the resultative nature of the Greek conjunction καί (kai) at the beginning of v. 4.

¹ tn Grk “according to the flesh”; see the note on the phrase “by natural descent” in 4:23.

¹ sn That is, until Christ’s nature or character is formed in them (see L&N 58.4).

³ tn In this context the miraculous nature of these signs is implied. Cf. BDAG 920 s.v. σημεῖον 2.a.

³ tn Again, the context indicates the miraculous nature of these signs, and this is specified in the translation.

² tn Here the context indicates the miraculous nature of the signs mentioned; this is made explicit in the translation.

¹ tn Or “perishes” (this might refer to spoiling, but is more focused on the temporary nature of this kind of food).

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the parenthetical nature of the comment by the author.

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the consequential nature of the people’s response.

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the consequential nature of the action described.

¹ tn Grk “And,” but “now” better represents the somewhat parenthetical nature of this statement in the flow of the narrative.

⁵ tn Grk “and.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “and yet” to indicate the concessive nature of the final clause.

² tn The two phrases in this verse placed in parentheses are explanatory comments by the author, parenthetical in nature.

¹ sn There is a great deal of uncertainty with regard to the specific nature of these items of clothing.