² tn This is the same word translated “trembled” above (v. 16).

² tn Heb “and they trembled, a man to his neighbor.”

¹ tn Or “trembling” (ASV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV); NLT “shake with fear.”

² tn The Hebrew verb סָמַר (samar, “to tremble”) occurs only here and in Job 4:15.

¹ tn Heb “who trembled at the words of the God of Israel.”

¹ tn Heb “trembled, shuddered”; CEV, NLT “suddenly woke up.” Perhaps he shivered because he was chilled.

¹ tn Heb “do not tremble and do not be afraid.” Two synonymous commands are combined for emphasis.

¹ tn For the meaning of חָרַד (harad, “to tremble”) with prepositions of direction, see 11:10 above.

⁴ tn Heb “to the humble and the lowly in spirit and the one who trembles at my words.”

¹ sn The psalmist warns his enemies that they need to tremble with fear before God and repudiate their sinful ways.

¹ tn Heb “and Isaac trembled with a great trembling to excess.” The verb “trembled” is joined with a cognate accusative, which is modified by an adjective “great,” and a prepositional phrase “to excess.” All of this is emphatic, showing the violence of Isaac’s reaction to the news.

¹ tn When the verb חָרַד (kharad, “to tremble”) is used with prepositions of direction, it denotes “to go or come trembling” (BDB 353 s.v. חָרַד 4; e.g., Gen 42:28; 1 Sam 13:7; 16:4; 21:2; Hos 11:10, 11). Thus, the phrase מִיָּם…וְיֶחֶרְדוּ (v^eyekher^edu…miyyam) means “to come trembling from the west” (cf. NAB “shall come frightened from the west”).

¹ tn Heb “Should you not fear me? Should you not tremble in awe before me?” The rhetorical questions expect the answer explicit in the translation.

⁵ tn Heb “maybe you will cause to tremble.” The object “disaster” is supplied in the translation for clarification. See the note at v. 9.

³ tn Heb “will not have dread.” The verb פָּחַד (pakhad, “tremble, shake with fear”) describes emotion that is stronger than mere fear—it is dread.

³ tn The verb is a Polal from חִיל (khil) which means “to tremble.” It shows that even these spirits cannot escape the terror.

⁴ sn Like the mountains, Job knows that God has passed by and caused him to shake and tremble, but he cannot understand or perceive the reasons.

¹ tn The two words פַּחַד (pakhad, “dread”) and רְעָדָה (r^eʿadah, “trembling”) strengthen each other as synonyms (see also Ps 55:6).

² tn Heb “tremble from before him”; NIV “nor showed fear in his presence”; TEV “or show any sign of respect as he passed.”

² tn The verb זְוּעַ (z^euaʿ, “to tremble”) probably does not refer to physical tremors but to trembling in fear (e.g., Esth 5:9; Hab 2:7; Sir 48:12); cf. HALOT 267 s.v. זוע). At the onset of old age, those who had been the most courageous during their youth suddenly become fearful.