² tn Grk “to know him, the power of his resurrection, and the fellowship of his sufferings.”

⁶ tn Or “troubles,” “suffering.” See Acts 19:21; 21:4, 11.

² sn After his suffering is a reference to Jesus’ crucifixion and the abuse which preceded it.

⁴ sn An allusion to Ps 22:18, which identifies Jesus as the suffering innocent one.

³ tn Or “violent people”; see the previous note on “has suffered violence” in this verse.

⁴ sn The woman in labor. Personified, suffering Jerusalem is the referent. See 4:9-10.

⁶ tn See the note on the phrase “suffered distress” in the previous line.

¹ tn Heb “of your shame.” The “shame,” however, applies to the devastating defeat they will suffer.

² tn The king was not to “drink and forget”; the suffering are to “drink and forget.”

⁵ tn This verb carries the nuance “to accomplish, complete,” emphasizing their faithful endurance in suffering. The verb is passive in Greek (“suffering is being endured by your brotherhood”), but has been translated as an active to give a smoother English style.

¹ sn The necessity that the Son of Man suffer is the particular point that needed emphasis, since for many 1st century Jews the Messiah was a glorious and powerful figure, not a suffering one.

³ sn The necessity that the Son of Man suffer is the particular point that needed emphasis, since for many 1st century Jews the Messiah was a glorious and powerful figure, not a suffering one.

³ sn The necessity that the Son of Man suffer is the particular point that needed emphasis since for many 1st century Jews the Messiah was a glorious and powerful figure, not a suffering one.

⁴ sn Summer. Perhaps the psalmist suffered during the hot season and perceived the very weather as being an instrument of divine judgment. Another option is that he compares his time of suffering to the uncomfortable and oppressive heat of summer.

² tn Heb “and you, Lord, how long?” The suffering psalmist speaks in broken syntax. He addresses God, but then simply cries out with a brief, but poignant, question: How long will this (= his suffering) continue?

² sn Two new words are introduced now to the report of suffering: “affliction” and “pain/suffering.” These add to the dimension of the oppression of God’s people.

² tn Or “into great distress.” The suffering here is not specified as physical or emotional, and could involve persecution.

³ sn The reference to the just suffering for the unjust is an allusion to Isa 53:11-12.

¹ sn There is a wordplay in the Greek text between the verbs “learned” (ἔμαθεν, emathen) and “suffered” (ἔπαθεν, epathen).

⁵ sn The woman was most likely suffering from a vaginal hemorrhage, in which case her bleeding would make her ritually unclean.