¹ tc The form הֲדוּרִים (hadurim) is difficult. It may need to be emended to an original הָרָרִים (hararim, “mountains”), the reduplicated form of הָר (har, “mountain”). 1QIsa^a and the LXX support an unambiguous text of “mountains.”

² tn Heb “the waters prevailed 15 cubits upward and they covered the mountains.” Obviously, a flood of 20 feet did not cover the mountains; the statement must mean the flood rose about 20 feet above the highest mountain.

² tn Heb “and on the mountains they eat within you.” The mountains mentioned here were the site of pagan sacrifices. See 18:6.

¹ sn This mountain refers to Mount Gerizim, where the Samaritan shrine was located.

¹ tn Grk “mountain,” but this might give the English reader the impression of a far higher summit.

¹ tn Grk “mountain,” but this might give the English reader the impression of a far higher summit.

² tn The reference to a very high mountain is harmonious with Isa 2:2.

³ sn The mountains and hills symbolize hostile nations that are obstacles to Israel’s restoration.

³ sn Zaphon, the Canaanite version of Olympus, was the “mountain of assembly” where the gods met.

² tn Heb “a sound, a roar, [is] on the mountains, like many people.”

¹ sn Tabor and Hermon were two of the most prominent mountains in Palestine.

² tn Heb “tearing away the mountains and breaking the cliffs” (or perhaps, “breaking the stones”).

² tn Or “Mount Heres”; the term הַר (har) means “mount” or “mountain” in Hebrew.

¹ tn Heb “the mountain.” The translation uses a pronoun for stylistic reasons to avoid redundancy.

¹ tn Heb “in the mountain.” The demonstrative pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons.

¹ tn Heb “on the mountains of Ararat.” Obviously a boat (even one as large as the ark) cannot rest on multiple mountains. Perhaps (1) the preposition should be translated “among,” or (2) the plural “mountains” should be understood in the sense of “mountain range” (see E. A. Speiser, Genesis [AB], 53). A more probable option (3) is that the plural indicates an indefinite singular, translated “one of the mountains” (see GKC 400 §124.o).

¹ sn In context, the great mountain here must be viewed as a metaphor for the enormous task of rebuilding the temple and establishing the messianic kingdom (cf. TEV “Obstacles as great as mountains”).

¹ tn Heb “on the mountains he does not eat.” The mountains are often mentioned as the place where idolatrous sacrifices were eaten (Ezek 20:28; 22:9; 34:6).

³ tn Heb “for the mountains.” However, the context makes clear that it is the grasslands or pastures on the mountains that are meant. The words “for the grasslands” are supplied in the translation for clarity.

¹ tn Heb “I will dry up the mountains and hills.” The “mountains and hills” stand by synecdoche for the trees that grow on them. Some prefer to derive the verb from a homonymic root and translate, “I will lay waste.”