¹ tn Or “led in procession.” The participle is passive.

⁴ tn In Ps 68:24 this word has the meaning of “processions”; here that procession is of traveling merchants forming convoys or caravans.

² sn New wine refers to a new, sweet wine in the process of fermentation.

¹ sn That is, those who were at the front of the procession.

² sn The phrase Lord of the harvest recognizes God’s sovereignty over the harvest process.

² tn That is, carried out for burial. This was a funeral procession.

¹ sn The phrase Lord of the harvest recognizes God’s sovereignty over the harvest process.

¹ sn The act of plowing is put for the whole process of planting a crop.

¹ tn The subject is probably indefinite, referring to bystanders in general who witness the procession.

⁴ tn Or “a Roman citizen and uncondemned.” BDAG 35 s.v. ἀκατάκριτος has “uncondemned, without due process” for this usage.

³ tn Or “in public, uncondemned.” BDAG 35 s.v. ἀκατάκριτος has “uncondemned, without due process” for this usage.

¹ sn These are crooked or corrupt witnesses who willfully distort the facts and make a mockery of the whole legal process.

² tn The verb נָהַג (nahag) means “drive, conduct.” It is elsewhere used for driving sheep, leading armies, or leading in processions.

² sn This verse is a summary statement. The next verses delineate intermediate steps (see v. 24) in the process.

⁵ sn He stomps the winepress. See Isa 63:3, where Messiah does this alone (usually several individuals would join in the process), and Rev 14:20.

² sn The winepress was stomped. See Isa 63:3, where Messiah does this alone (usually several individuals would join in the process).

⁴ sn The imagery here suggests that the things close to the sinners are contaminated by them, presumably during the process of sinning.

¹ tn Or “genuineness,” the result of testing. On the other hand it may denote the process of testing: “that the proving of your faith…may bring praise.”

¹ tn Heb “they heap up dirt.” This is a reference to the piling up of earthen ramps in the process of laying siege to a fortified city.

⁴ sn The imperfect verbal form draws attention to the progressive nature of the action. The psalmist is in the process of dying.