³ tn Or “sins,” focusing on a violation of moral standards.

⁵ tn Or “foolishness” (NASB), here in a moral-ethical sense.

⁶ tn Heb “my holy name.” Here “name” is used metonymically for God’s moral character or reputation, while “holy” has a moral and ethical connotation.

² tn Or “crooked” (in a moral or ethical sense). See Luke 3:5.

² tn The plural indicates degree. Darkness may refer to exile and/or moral evil.

³ tn In this context “fools” are those who are morally corrupt, not those with limited intellectual capacity.

¹ tn Or “foolishness,” in a moral-ethical sense. See 9:17.

² tn God’s regulations will “help” the psalmist by giving him moral and ethical guidance.

¹ tn Heb “goodness of taste.” Here “taste” refers to moral and ethical discernment.

² sn That is, the sins characteristic of youths, who lack moral discretion and wisdom.

³ tn God’s covenant contains a clear, reliable witness to his moral character and demands.

¹ tn The verb may even have a moral connotation here, “Why did you do evil to me?”

² tn For this translation see L&N 88.258; the term refers to living in moral filth.

¹ sn The “watchmen” are probably spiritual leaders, most likely prophets and priests, responsible for giving the people moral direction.

² tn Heb “knowledge.” The noun דָעַת (daʿat, “knowledge”) refers to moral knowledge. See note on 1:7.

⁸ sn The term “fool” (כְּסִיל, k^esil) refers to the morally insensitive dullard (BDB 493 s.v.).

² sn The way probably refers here to God’s moral and ethical standards and requirements (see v. 10).

² sn The rules you set down. God’s covenant contains a clear, reliable witness to his moral character and demands.

¹ sn The heart is viewed here as the seat of the psalmist’s motives and moral character.

⁵ sn I will be whiter than snow. Whiteness here symbolizes the moral purity resulting from forgiveness (see Isa 1:18).