³ tn Or “a desolate place.”

² tn Heb “are desolate.”

³ tn Heb “making desolate.”

² tn Heb “I will make desolate” (so NASB).

² tn Or “the ruined [or “desolate”] cities.”

³ tn Heb “I set his mountains as a desolation.”

¹ tn Heb “and the formerly desolate places they will raise up.”

¹ tn Or “desolate” (NAB, NASB); NIV, NRSV, NLT “deserted.”

¹ tn Heb “and there is left in the city desolation.”

¹ tn Heb “are waste places”; cf. NRSV “are a desolation.”

¹ tn Or “a desert” (meaning a deserted or desolate area with sparse vegetation).

¹ tn Or “a desert” (meaning a deserted or desolate area with sparse vegetation).

² tn Heb “desolations.” The term refers here to the ruined condition of Judah’s towns.

¹ tn This word, גַּלְמוּד (galmud), describes something as lowly, desolate, bare, gaunt like a rock.

¹ tn Heb “and made it a permanent mound, a desolation, to this day.”

¹ tn Heb “And I will give your cities a waste”; NLT “make your cities desolate.”

⁵ tn Or “in a desert” (meaning a deserted or desolate area with sparse vegetation). Here ὧδε (hōde) has not been translated.

² tn Heb “a desolate tel.” For the explanation of what a “tel” is see the study note on 30:18.

¹ tn The words “The desolation will continue” refer to the previous context and have been added for smoothness.

¹ sn Destruction, devastation, and desolation. The feminine form of each of these terms is used, referring to Nineveh (e.g., NASB “She is emptied! Yes, she is desolate and laid waste!”). Conquered cities are often personified as a desolated woman (e.g., Isa 47:1; 54:1).