¹ tn Or “that already.”

³ tn Grk “already he stinks.”

¹ tn Or “who had already hoped.”

¹ tn Heb “already its name was called.”

² tn Heb “the dead who had already died.”

² tn “Already” is not in the Greek text, but is supplied for clarity.

⁴ tn Grk “he had already had four days in the tomb” (an idiom).

¹ tn The Niphal of נָחַם (nakham) refers here to God relenting from a punishment already underway.

¹ sn Judah and his brothers. The narrative is already beginning to bring Judah to the forefront.

³ tn The preposition ב (bet) on בְּשֶׁכְּבָר (b^eshekk^evar, the adverb כְּבָר [k^evar, “already”] plus relative pronoun שֶׁ [she] plus preposition ב) is probably best classified as causal: “Because…already.”

¹ tn The psalmist probably uses the perfect verbal forms in v. 10 in a dramatic or rhetorical manner, describing what he anticipates as if it were already occurring or had already occurred.

³ tn This is a third class condition in the Greek text. Jesus had this experience already in 20:1-8.

² sn The return to Jerusalem would have taken a second day, since they were already one day’s journey away.

¹ tn The perfect verbal form is used for rhetorical effect; it describes an anticipated development as if it were already reality.

¹ sn The psalmist already sees undeniable signs of God’s faithfulness and expects deliverance to arrive soon.

¹ tn The imperfect verb would be a progressive imperfect, it is future, but it is also already underway.

¹ sn Each man was to pass in front of the counting officer and join those already counted on the other side.

¹ tn The perfect verbal form is used rhetorically, describing coming events as though they have already taken place.

² tn The perfect participle τεθεικώς (tetheikōs) suggests an antecedent act. More idiomatically, the idea seems to be, “because he had already appointed them to serve as an example.”

¹ sn Mention of Christian brothers from there (Rome) shows that God’s message had already spread as far as Italy and the capital of the empire.