⁷ sn Macedonia was the Roman province of Macedonia in Greece.

³ sn Macedonia was the Roman province of Macedonia in Greece.

³ sn Macedonia was the Roman province of Macedonia in Greece.

⁴ sn Macedonia was the Roman province of Macedonia in Greece.

² sn Macedonia was the Roman province of Macedonia in Greece.

² sn Roman citizens. This fact was disturbing to the officials because due process was a right for a Roman citizen, well established in Roman law. To flog a Roman citizen was considered an abomination. Such punishment was reserved for noncitizens.

³ sn Macedonia was the Roman province of Macedonia in Greece.

⁵ sn Macedonia was the Roman province of Macedonia in Greece.

⁴ sn Macedonia was the Roman province of Macedonia in Greece.

² sn This decree was a formal decree from the Roman Senate.

² sn The commander is probably the Roman commander, Lucius Cornelius Scipio.

² sn The proconsul was the Roman official who ruled over a province traditionally under the control of the Roman senate.

² sn Zeus was the chief Greek deity, worshiped throughout the Greco-Roman world (known to the Romans as Jupiter).

¹ sn The proconsul was the Roman official who ruled over a province traditionally under the control of the Roman senate.

³ sn The proconsul was the Roman official who ruled over a province traditionally under the control of the Roman senate.

² sn Sometimes Roman citizenship was purchased through a bribe (Dio Cassius, Roman History 60.17.4-9). That may well have been the case here.

² tn The term translated “rioting” refers to a revolt or uprising (BDAG 940 s.v. στάσις 2, 3). This would threaten Roman rule and invite Roman intervention.

⁵ sn The Roman pound (λίτρα, litra) weighed 12 ounces or 325 grams. Thus 100 Roman pounds would be about 32.5 kilograms or 75 pounds.

¹ tn Or possibly “by one act of sexual intercourse.” See D. Moo, Romans (NICNT), 579.

² tn Or “to the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).