¹ tn The name means “horde of Gog.”

² tn Heb “him”; the referent (Gog, cf. v. 18) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

² sn The battle with Gog and Magog is described in the OT in Ezek 38:1-39:20.

¹ tn This name appears to be a feminine form of the word “horde,” used in the name Hamon Gog.

¹ tn The second person singular verbal and pronominal forms in the Hebrew text indicate that Gog is addressed here.

¹ sn The reference to a terrible time of trouble (Heb “that day”) is a common shorthand reference in the prophets to “the Day of the Lord.” The “Day of the Lord” refers to a time when God intervenes in judgment against the wicked. The time referent can be either near or far, referring to something as near as the Assyrian threat in the time of Ahaz (Isa 7:18, 20, 21, 23) or as distant as the eschatological battle of God against Gog when he attacks Israel (Ezek 38:14, 18). The judgment can be against Israel’s enemies and result in Israel’s deliverance (Jer 50:30-34). At other times, as here, the Day of the Lord involves judgment on Israel itself. Here reference is to the judgment that the northern kingdom, Israel, has already experienced (cf., e.g., Jer 3:8) and that the southern kingdom, Judah, is in the process of experiencing. Jeremiah has lamented over it several times and even described it in hyperbolic and apocalyptic terms in Jer 4:19-31.