³ tn Heb “the river,” a reference to the Euphrates.

² sn Tiphsah. This was located on the Euphrates River.

³ tn Heb “the river,” a frequent designation in the OT for the Euphrates. For clarity most modern English versions substitute the name “Euphrates” for “the river” here.

³ tn Heb “the River.” In biblical Hebrew this is a typical reference to the Euphrates River. The name “Euphrates” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

⁴ tn Heb “the River,” referring to the Euphrates River (so also NASB, NIV).

¹ sn Babylon was situated on the Euphrates River and surrounded by canals (also called “rivers”).

¹ tn Heb “the River,” referring to the Euphrates. This has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹ sn The river may refer to the Euphrates River (cf. NRSV, CEV, NLT).

² tn Heb “from beyond the River.” The name “Euphrates” has been supplied in the translation for clarity.

¹ tn Heb “the river,” referring to the Euphrates. This has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹ tn Heb “the river,” referring to the Euphrates. This has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³ tn Heb “the river”; the referent (the Euphrates) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹ sn The descendants of Gomer were all northern tribes of the Upper Euphrates.

³ tn Aram “beyond the river.” In Ezra this term is a technical designation for the region west of the Euphrates river.

¹ tn Heb “the River.” In biblical Hebrew the Euphrates River was typically referred to simply as “the River.”

² tn Heb “the River” (also in v. 24). This is the standard designation for the Euphrates River in biblical Hebrew.

⁶ tn Heb “the river,” referring to the Euphrates. This has been specified in the translation for clarity; see v. 3.

⁶ tn Heb “the river,” referring to the Euphrates. This has been specified in the translation for clarity; see v. 3.

² tn Heb “the river.” The Hebrew expression typically refers to the Euphrates, so the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁵ tn Many associate the name “Beth Eden” with Bit Adini, an Aramean state located near the Euphrates River, but it may be a sarcastic epithet meaning “house of pleasure.”