¹ tn Or “the witnesses God had previously chosen.” See Acts 1:8.

¹ tn Or “of him”; Grk “of which [or whom] we are all witnesses” (Acts 1:8).

¹ tn Heb “the Lord is a witness between you and [between] the wife of your youth.”

³ tn Some textual witnesses support the Kethib (consonantal text) in reading “Hamital.”

³ tn Or “so that we might witness your joy.” The point of this statement is unclear.

¹ tn The subject is probably indefinite, referring to bystanders in general who witness the procession.

³ tn God’s covenant contains a clear, reliable witness to his moral character and demands.

³ tc Some textual witnesses support the consonantal text (Kethib) in reading “Hamital.”

² tc The MT has the singular, “he said,” but many witnesses correctly read the plural.

³ tn Heb “the legal witness”; KJV “a testimony”; ASV, NASB “the manner (form NAB) of attestation.”

¹ tc So many medieval Hebrew manuscripts, Smr, Syriac, and Latin Vulgate. Other witnesses have “from before Hahiroth.”

³ tn Heb “and it will become a witness between me and you.”

³ tc Some ancient textual witnesses have a plural verb, “and they said.”

² tn The words “to the purchase” are not in the text but are implicit in the idiom “I had some witnesses serve as witness.” The words are supplied in the translation for clarity.

³ tn Heb “witness of falsehoods.” The genitive noun functions attributively, and the plural form depicts habitual action or moral characteristic. This describes a person who habitually lies. A false witness cannot be counted on to help the cause of justice.

¹ tn Heb “This pile is a witness, and the pillar is a witness: surely I will not pass by this pile to you, and surely you will not pass by this pile and this pillar to me, for harm.”

² sn Galeed also means “witness pile” or “the pile is a witness,” but this name is Canaanite or Western Semitic and closer to later Hebrew. Jacob, though certainly capable of speaking Aramaic, here prefers to use the western dialect.

² tn Grk “through many witnesses.” The “through” is used here to show attendant circumstances: “accompanied by,” “in the presence of.”

³ sn Some of the brothers from Joppa. As v. 45 makes clear, there were Jewish Christians in this group of witnesses.

¹ sn You are witnesses. This becomes a key concept of testimony in Acts. See Acts 1:8.