¹ tn Heb “A horn unto your gums!”; cf. NAB “A trumpet to your lips!”

³ tn Heb “that which goes out of my lip is right in front of your face.”

¹ tn Heb “Faithfulness has vanished. It is cut off from their lips.”

³ tn Heb “fool of lips.” The phrase is a genitive of specification: “a fool in respect to lips.” The term “lips” is a metonymy of cause (= lips) for effect (= speech). This person talks foolishness; he is too busy talking to pay attention to instruction.

⁴ tn Heb “the fool of lips”; cf. NASB “a babbling fool.” The phrase is a genitive of specification: “a fool in respect to lips.” The term “lips” is a metonymy of cause (= lips) for effect (= speech). The word for fool (אֶוִיל, ʾevil) refers to someone who despises knowledge and discernment.

⁴ tn Heb “wickedness is an abomination to my lips” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV).

¹ tn Heb “harm of their lips.” The genitive here indicates the source or agent of the harm.

² tn Heb “and what proceeds out of my lips I will not alter.”

¹ tn Heb “the sin of their mouth [is] the word of their lips.”

¹ tn Heb “look, they gush forth with their mouth, swords [are] in their lips.”

² tn Heb “they separate with a lip.” Apparently this refers to their verbal taunting.

² tn Heb “and the request of his lips you do not refuse.”

² tn More literally, “and the knowledge of my lips they will speak purely.”

⁷ tn Heb “sin with his lips,” an idiom meaning he did not sin by what he said.

² tn Heb “they will not hear, a man the lip of his neighbor.”

³ tn Heb “his lips are full of anger, and his tongue is like consuming fire.” The Lord’s lips and tongue are used metonymically for his word (or perhaps his battle cry; see v. 31).

² tn Heb “a man unclean of lips am I.” Isaiah is not qualified to praise the king. His lips (the instruments of praise) are “unclean” because he has been contaminated by sin.

² tn Heb “word of lips.” This construct phrase features a genitive of source (“a word from the lips”) or a subjective genitive (“speaking a word”). Talk without work (which produces nothing) is contrasted with labor that produces something.

¹ tn Heb “fruit of the lips.” The term “fruit” is the implied comparison, meaning what is produced; and “lips” is the metonymy of cause, referring to speech. Proper speech will result in good things.

¹ sn The verb “know” applied to “lips” is unusual. “Lips” is a metonymy for what the righteous say; and their words “know” (a personification) what is pleasing, i.e., they are acquainted with.