¹ tn Heb “The sound of a report, behold, it is coming.”

¹ tn Heb “at the sound of tumult the nations run away.”

¹ tn Heb “among the thick foliage they give a sound.”

¹ tn Heb “to cause to be heard the sound of thanksgiving.”

² tn Heb “Why is the city’s sound noisy?”

¹ tn The Hebrew term אֱלִילִים (ʾelilim, “worthless”) sounds like אֱלֹהִים (ʾelohim, “gods”). The sound play draws attention to the statement.

³ tn Or “hissing sound,” “whirring sound,” “rushing sound,” or “loud noise.” The word occurs only here in the NT. It was often used of the crackle of a fire, as would appear appropriate in this context.

² tn There is a sound play here in the Hebrew text: the name Gaza (עַזָּה, ’azzah) sounds like the word translated “deserted” (עֲזוּבָה, ’azuvah).

⁵ tn Heb “uprooted.” There is a sound play here in the Hebrew text: the name “Ekron” (עֶקְרוֹן, ’eqron) sounds like the word translated “uprooted” (תֵּעָקֵר, te’aqer).

² tn Heb “hear the sound of the trumpet.” The trumpet was used to gather the troops and to sound the alarm for battle.

² tn Heb “the sound of the answering of might,” meaning it is not the sound of shouting in victory (U. Cassuto, Exodus, 418).

² sn The verbs translated shed, throw, and lay sound alike in Hebrew; the repetition of similar sounds draws attention to Reuben’s words.

⁵ tn Grk “about to sound their trumpets,” but this is redundant in English.

³ tn Grk “sound,” but the idea is closer to the roar of a waterfall or rapids.

¹ tn Grk “say what is fitting for sound teaching” (introducing the behavior called for in this chapter.).

¹ sn The place name Mareshah sounds like the Hebrew word for “conqueror.”

¹ sn The place name Maroth sounds like the Hebrew word for “bitter.”

¹ sn The place name Lachish sounds like the Hebrew word for “team [of horses].”

³ sn The place name Zaanan sounds like the verb “go out” in Hebrew.

¹ tn The similar sounding nouns פַּחַד וָפַחַת (pakhad vafakhat, “panic and pitfall”) are an example of paronomasia.