¹ tn The verb ἐποίησας (epoiēsas) is understood to mean “appointed” here. For an example of this use, see Mark 3:14.

³ tn The present imperative with μή (mē) is used here to command cessation of an action in progress (ExSyn 724 lists this verse as an example).

² tn The perfect participle τεθεικώς (tetheikōs) suggests an antecedent act. More idiomatically, the idea seems to be, “because he had already appointed them to serve as an example.”

¹ tn Grk “not as lording it over…but being examples.” The participles continue the command of v. 2 by describing how the shepherding should be carried out.

² tn The present tense here has been translated as a futuristic present (see ExSyn 536, where this verse is listed as an example).

² sn The term agree means “match” or “harmonize with.” James’ point in the introduction argues that many of the OT prophets taught this. He gives one example (which follows).

¹ sn This is a good example of the Greek verb fill (πληρόω, plēroō) meaning “to exercise control over someone’s thought and action” (cf. Eph 5:18).

² sn Here is another example of appeal to the person by mentioning the name. See the note on the word name in 3:6.

¹ tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate that the clause that follows is a logical conclusion based on the preceding examples.

⁴ tn That is, find someone to show them hospitality. L&N 34.61 has “find lodging,” using this verse as an example.

³ tn Or “was very confused.” See L&N 32.10 where this verse is given as an example of the usage.

² tn This is a distributive use of κατά (kata); see L&N 83:12 where this verse is cited as an example of the usage.

² tn This is an example of a so-called “divine passive,” with God understood to be the source of the revelation (see ExSyn 437-38).

³ sn Do not ask for your possessions back… is an example of showing forgiveness. Paul’s remarks in 1 Cor 6:7 may reflect this principle.

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a specific example of how Jesus spoke with authority (v. 32).

³ tn This is an example of a “divine passive,” with God understood to be the source of the revelation (see ExSyn 437-38).

² tn This is an example of a “divine passive,” with God understood to be the source of the revelation (see ExSyn 437-38).

¹ tn Heb “canals.” The phrase “canals of water” (eye water = tears) is an example of hyperbole. The English idiom “streams of tears” is also hyperbolic.

¹ tn The plural form of the noun מַחֲשַׁכִּים (makhashakkim, “darknesses”) is an example of the plural of intensity (see IBHS 122 §7.4.3a).

¹ sn For a longer example of an individual identifying with the nation and confessing their sins and the sins of their forefathers, see Ps 106.