² tn Heb “from the hand [i.e., control] of the Philistines.”

¹ tn Heb “they”; the referent (the Philistines) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

² tn Heb “and you must not do evil in the eyes of the leaders of the Philistines.”

² tn Heb “stinks.” The figurative language indicates that Israel had become repulsive to the Philistines.

² tn Heb “and Israel went out to meet the Philistines for battle.”

² tn Heb “they”; the referent (the Philistines) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

² tn Heb “I am innocent this time from the Philistines when I do with them harm.”

¹ tn Heb “and he saw a woman in Timnah, one of the daughters of the Philistines.”

² tn Heb “I have seen a woman in Timnah, one of the daughters of the Philistines.”

¹ tn Heb “and the Philistines stopped them up and filled them with dirt.”

⁴ tn Heb “the Philistines, and they killed.” The pronoun “they” has been translated as a relative pronoun (“who”) to make it clear to the English reader that the Philistines were the ones who did the killing.

³ sn The Philistines mentioned here may not be ethnically related to those who lived in Palestine in the time of the judges and the united monarchy. See D. M. Howard, “Philistines,” Peoples of the Old Testament World, 238.

¹ sn This probably alludes to David’s victory over the Philistines at Baal Perazim. See 2 Sam 5:20.

¹ sn The question forces the Philistines to consider the dilemma they will face—surrender and oppression, or battle and death.

¹ tn Heb “And the Lord will give also Israel along with you into the hand of the Philistines.”

² tn Verse 50 is a summary statement; v. 51 gives a more detailed account of how David killed the Philistine.

¹ tn Heb “and the Hebrews were to the Philistines formerly, who went up with them in the camp all around.”

³ tn Heb “and the Philistines had stopped them up.” This clause explains why Isaac had to reopen them.

⁴ tn The pronoun “us” here is exclusive—it refers to just the Philistine contingent (the following “you” refers to Isaac).

³ tn Several commentators prefer to reverse the order of the words to put this clause after the next word, since the Philistines came from Crete (where the Caphtorites lived). But the table may suggest migration rather than lineage, and the Philistines, like the Israelites, came through the Nile Delta region of Egypt. For further discussion of the origin and migration of the Philistines, see D. M. Howard, “Philistines,” Peoples of the Old Testament World, 232.