Discovery BoxRevelation 18:11-12 
Context18:11 Then 1 the merchants of the earth will weep and mourn for her because no one buys their cargo 2 any longer – 18:12 cargo such as gold, silver, 3 precious stones, pearls, fine linen, purple cloth, silk, 4 scarlet cloth, 5 all sorts of things made of citron wood, 6 all sorts of objects made of ivory, all sorts of things made of expensive wood, bronze, iron and marble,
1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
2 tn On γόμος (gomos) BDAG 205 s.v. states, “load, freight…cargo of a ship…Ac 21:3. W. gen. of the owner Rv 18:11. W. gen. of content…γ. χρυσοῦ a cargo of gold vs. 12.”
3 tn Grk “and silver,” but καί (kai) has not been translated before most of these terms since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more
4 tn On this term BDAG 924-25 s.v. σιρικός states, “per. to silk from Ser, subst. τὸ σιρικόν silk cloth or garments w. other costly materials Rv 18:12.”
5 tn On the translation of κόκκινον (kokkinon) as “scarlet cloth” see L&N 6.170.
6 tn On the phrase πᾶν ξύλον θύϊνον (pan xulon quinon) L&N 3.63 states, “pertaining to being made or consisting of citron wood (that is, from a citron tree) – ‘of citron wood.’ καὶ πᾶν ξύλον θύϊνον καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ἐλεφάντινον ‘and all kinds of things made of citron wood and all kinds of objects made of ivory’ Re 18:12. The citron tree belongs to the citrus family of plants, and it produces a pale yellow fruit somewhat larger than a lemon, the rind of which is often candied. In Re 18:12, however, the focus is upon the fine quality of the wood.”
