Discovery BoxGalatians 1:13-16 
Context1:13 For you have heard of my former way of life 1 in Judaism, how I was savagely persecuting the church of God and trying to destroy it. 1:14 I 2 was advancing in Judaism beyond many of my contemporaries in my nation, 3 and was 4 extremely zealous for the traditions of my ancestors. 5 1:15 But when the one 6 who set me apart from birth 7 and called me by his grace was pleased 1:16 to reveal his Son in 8 me so that I could preach him 9 among the Gentiles, I did not go to ask advice from 10 any human being, 11
1 tn Or “lifestyle,” “behavior.”
2 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
3 tn Or “among my race.”
4 tn Grk “was advancing beyond…nation, being.” The participle ὑπάρχων (Juparcwn) was translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
5 sn The traditions of my ancestors refers to both Pharisaic and popular teachings of this time which eventually were codified in Jewish literature such as the Mishnah, Midrashim, and Targums.
6 tc ‡ Several important witnesses have ὁ θεός (Jo qeos) after εὐδόκησεν (eudokhsen; so א A D Ψ 0278 33 1739 1881 Ï co) while the shorter reading is supported by Ì46 B F G 629 1505 pc lat. There is hardly any reason why scribes would omit the words (although the Beatty papyrus and the Western text do at times omit words and phrases), but several reasons why scribes would add the words (especially the need to clarify). The confluence of witnesses for the shorter reading (including a few fathers and versions) adds strong support for its authenticity. It is also in keeping with Paul’s style to refrain from mentioning God by name as a rhetorical device (cf. ExSyn 437 [although this section deals with passive constructions, the principle is the same]). NA27 includes the words in brackets, indicating some doubts as to their authenticity.
7 tn Grk “from my mother’s womb.”
8 tn Or “to me”; the Greek preposition ἐν (en) can mean either, depending on the context.
9 tn This pronoun refers to “his Son,” mentioned earlier in the verse.
10 tn Or “I did not consult with.” For the translation “I did not go to ask advice from” see L&N 33.175.
11 tn Grk “from flesh and blood.”
