Discovery BoxZechariah 4:6-9 
Context4:6 Therefore he told me, “These signify the word of the Lord to Zerubbabel: ‘Not by strength and not by power, but by my Spirit,’ 1 says the Lord who rules over all.”
4:7 “What are you, you great mountain? 2 Because of Zerubbabel you will become a level plain! And he will bring forth the temple 3 capstone with shoutings of ‘Grace! Grace!’ 4 because of this.” 4:8 Moreover, the word of the Lord came to me as follows: 4:9 “The hands of Zerubbabel have laid the foundations of this temple, 5 and his hands will complete it.” Then you will know that the Lord who rules over all has sent me to you.
1 sn It is premature to understand the Spirit here as the Holy Spirit (the third Person of the Trinity), though the OT prepares the way for that NT revelation (cf. Gen 1:2; Exod 23:3; 31:3; Num 11:17-29; Judg 3:10; 6:34; 2 Kgs 2:9, 15, 16; Ezek 2:2; 3:12; 11:1, 5).
2 sn In context, the great mountain here must be viewed as a metaphor for the enormous task of rebuilding the temple and establishing the messianic kingdom (cf. TEV “Obstacles as great as mountains”).
3 tn The word “temple” has been supplied in the translation to clarify the referent (cf. NLT “final stone of the Temple”).
4 sn Grace is a fitting response to the idea that it was “not by strength and not by power” but by God’s gracious Spirit that the work could be done (cf. v. 6).
5 tn Heb “house” (so NAB, NRSV).
