Discovery BoxRuth 1:4 
Context1:4 So her sons 1 married 2 Moabite women. (One was named Orpah and the other Ruth.) 3 And they continued to live there about ten years.
Ruth 4:14
Context4:14 The village women said to Naomi, “May the Lord be praised because he has not left you without a guardian 4 today! May he 5 become famous in Israel! 6
Ruth 4:17
Context4:17 The neighbor women named him, saying, “A son has been born to Naomi.” They named him Obed. 7 Now he became the father of Jesse – David’s father!
1 tn Heb “they.” The verb is 3rd person masculine plural referring to Naomi’s sons, as the translation indicates.
2 tn Heb “and they lifted up for themselves Moabite wives.” When used with the noun “wife,” the verb נָשָׂא (nasa’, “to lift up, carry, take”) forms the idiom “to take a wife,” that is, to marry (BDB 673 s.v. Qal.3.d; 2 Chr 11:21; 13:21; 24:3; Ezra 9:2,12; 10:44; Neh 13:25).
3 tn Heb “the name of the one [was] Orpah and the name of the second [was] Ruth.”
sn The name Orpah (עָרְפָּה, ’orpah) is from the noun עֹרֶף (’oref, “back of the neck”) and the related verb (“to turn one’s back”). The name Ruth (רוּת, rut) is from the noun רְעוּת (rÿ’ut, “friendship”), derived from the root רֵעַ (rea’, “friend, companion”). Ironically, Orpah will eventually turn her back on Naomi, while Ruth will display extraordinary friendship as her life-long companion (see 1:14). Since they seem to mirror the most definitive action of these women, perhaps they designate character types (as is the case with the name Mara in 1:21 and Peloni Almoni in 4:2) rather than their original birth names.
4 tn Or “redeemer.” See the note on the phrase “guardian of the family interests” in 3:9. As the following context indicates, the child is referred to here.
5 tn The “guardian” is the subject of the verb, as the next verse makes clear.
6 tn Heb “may his name be called [i.e., “perpetuated”; see Gen 48:16] in Israel.”
7 tn The name “Obed” means “one who serves,” perhaps anticipating how he would help Naomi (see v. 15).
