Discovery BoxRomans 1:4-5 
Context1:4 who was appointed the Son-of-God-in-power 1 according to the Holy Spirit 2 by the resurrection 3 from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord. 1:5 Through him 4 we have received grace and our apostleship 5 to bring about the obedience 6 of faith 7 among all the Gentiles on behalf of his name.
Romans 1:7
Context1:7 To all those loved by God in Rome, 8 called to be saints: 9 Grace and peace to you 10 from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ!
Romans 5:5
Context5:5 And hope does not disappoint, because the love of God 11 has been poured out 12 in our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us.
Romans 5:11
Context5:11 Not 13 only this, but we also rejoice 14 in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received this reconciliation.
Romans 5:21
Context5:21 so that just as sin reigned in death, so also grace will reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.
Romans 7:5
Context7:5 For when we were in the flesh, 15 the sinful desires, 16 aroused by the law, were active in the members of our body 17 to bear fruit for death.
Romans 8:27
Context8:27 And he 18 who searches our hearts knows the mind of the Spirit, because the Spirit 19 intercedes on behalf of the saints according to God’s will.
Romans 8:39
Context8:39 nor height, nor depth, nor anything else in creation will be able to separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord.
Romans 15:4
Context15:4 For everything that was written in former times was written for our instruction, so that through endurance and through encouragement of the scriptures we may have hope.
Romans 16:23
Context16:23 Gaius, who is host to me and to the whole church, greets you. Erastus the city treasurer and our brother Quartus greet you.
1 sn Appointed the Son-of-God-in-power. Most translations render the Greek participle ὁρισθέντος (Jorisqentos, from ὁρίζω, Jorizw) “declared” or “designated” in order to avoid the possible interpretation that Jesus was appointed the Son of God by the resurrection. However, the Greek term ὁρίζω is used eight times in the NT, and it always has the meaning “to determine, appoint.” Paul is not saying that Jesus was appointed the “Son of God by the resurrection” but “Son-of-God-in-power by the resurrection,” as indicated by the hyphenation. He was born in weakness in human flesh (with respect to the flesh, v. 3) and he was raised with power. This is similar to Matt 28:18 where Jesus told his disciples after the resurrection, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me.”
2 tn Grk “spirit of holiness.” Some interpreters take the phrase to refer to Christ’s own inner spirit, which was characterized by holiness.
3 tn Or “by his resurrection.” Most interpreters see this as a reference to Jesus’ own resurrection, although some take it to refer to the general resurrection at the end of the age, of which Jesus’ resurrection is the first installment (cf. 1 Cor 15:23).
4 tn Grk “through whom.”
5 tn Some interpreters understand the phrase “grace and apostleship” as a hendiadys, translating “grace [i.e., gift] of apostleship.” The pronoun “our” is supplied in the translation to clarify the sense of the statement.
6 tn Grk “and apostleship for obedience.”
7 tn The phrase ὑπακοὴν πίστεως has been variously understood as (1) an objective genitive (a reference to the Christian faith, “obedience to [the] faith”); (2) a subjective genitive (“the obedience faith produces [or requires]”); (3) an attributive genitive (“believing obedience”); or (4) as a genitive of apposition (“obedience, [namely] faith”) in which “faith” further defines “obedience.” These options are discussed by C. E. B. Cranfield, Romans (ICC), 1:66. Others take the phrase as deliberately ambiguous; see D. B. Garlington, “The Obedience of Faith in the Letter to the Romans: Part I: The Meaning of ὑπακοὴ πίστεως (Rom 1:5; 16:26),” WTJ 52 (1990): 201-24.
8 map For location see JP4 A1.
9 tn Although the first part of v. 7 is not a complete English sentence, it maintains the “From…to” pattern used in all the Pauline letters to indicate the sender and the recipients. Here, however, there are several intervening verses (vv. 2-6), which makes the first half of v. 7 appear as an isolated sentence fragment.
10 tn Grk “Grace to you and peace.”
11 tn The phrase ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ (Jh agaph tou qeou, “the love of God”) could be interpreted as either an objective genitive (“our love for God”), subjective genitive (“God’s love for us”), or both (M. Zerwick’s “general” genitive [Biblical Greek, §§36-39]; D. B. Wallace’s “plenary” genitive [ExSyn 119-21]). The immediate context, which discusses what God has done for believers, favors a subjective genitive, but the fact that this love is poured out within the hearts of believers implies that it may be the source for believers’ love for God; consequently an objective genitive cannot be ruled out. It is possible that both these ideas are meant in the text and that this is a plenary genitive: “The love that comes from God and that produces our love for God has been poured out within our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us” (ExSyn 121).
12 sn On the OT background of the Spirit being poured out, see Isa 32:15; Joel 2:28-29.
13 tn Here δέ (de) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
14 tn Or “exult, boast.”
15 tn That is, before we were in Christ.
16 tn Or “sinful passions.”
17 tn Grk “our members”; the words “of our body” have been supplied to clarify the meaning.
18 sn He refers to God here; Paul has not specifically identified him for the sake of rhetorical power (for by leaving the subject slightly ambiguous, he draws his audience into seeing God’s hand in places where he is not explicitly mentioned).
19 tn Grk “he,” or “it”; the referent (the Spirit) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
