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Revelation 6:8

Context
6:8 So 1  I looked 2  and here came 3  a pale green 4  horse! The 5  name of the one who rode it 6  was Death, and Hades followed right behind. 7  They 8  were given authority over a fourth of the earth, to kill its population with the sword, 9  famine, and disease, 10  and by the wild animals of the earth.

Revelation 13:14

Context
13:14 and, by the signs he was permitted to perform on behalf of the beast, he deceived those who live on the earth. He told 11  those who live on the earth to make an image to the beast who had been wounded by the sword, but still lived.

1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the summons by the fourth creature.

2 tc The reading “and I looked” (καὶ εἶδον, kai eidon) or some slight variation (e.g., ἶδον, idon) has excellent ms support ({א A C P 1611}) and its omission seems to have come through the mss that have already placed “and look” (καὶ ἴδε or καὶ βλέπε [kai ide or kai blepe]) after the verb “come” (ἔρχου, ercou) in 6:1. Thus, for these copyists it was redundant to add “and I looked” again.

3 tn The phrase “and here came” expresses the sense of καὶ ἰδού (kai idou).

4 tn A sickly pallor, when referring to persons, or the green color of plants. BDAG 1085 s.v. χλωρός 2 states, “pale, greenish gray…as the color of a pers. in sickness contrasted with appearance in health…so the horse ridden by Death…ἵππος χλωρός Rv 6:8.” Because the color of the horse is symbolic, “pale green” is used in the translation. Cf. NIV, NCV “pale”; NASB “ashen.”

5 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

6 tn Grk “the one sitting on it.”

7 tn Grk “And Hades was following with him.” The Greek expression μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ (met autou, “with him”) is Semitic and indicates close proximity. The translation “followed right behind” reflects this.

8 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

9 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

10 tn Grk “with death.” θάνατος (qanatos) can in particular contexts refer to a manner of death, specifically a contagious disease (see BDAG 443 s.v. 3; L&N 23.158).

11 tn Grk “earth, telling.” This is a continuation of the previous sentence in Greek.

sn He told followed by an infinitive (“to make an image…”) is sufficiently ambiguous in Greek that it could be taken as “he ordered” (so NIV) or “he persuaded” (so REB).



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