Discovery BoxRevelation 4:8 
Context4:8 Each one of the four living creatures had six wings 1 and was full of eyes all around and inside. 2 They never rest day or night, saying: 3
“Holy Holy Holy is the Lord God, the All-Powerful, 4
Who was and who is, and who is still to come!”
Revelation 5:6
Context5:6 Then 5 I saw standing in the middle of the throne 6 and of the four living creatures, and in the middle of the elders, a Lamb that appeared to have been killed. 7 He had 8 seven horns and seven eyes, which 9 are the seven 10 spirits of God 11 sent out into all the earth.
Revelation 5:8
Context5:8 and when he had taken the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders threw themselves to the ground 12 before the Lamb. Each 13 of them had a harp and golden bowls full of incense (which are the prayers of the saints). 14
Revelation 6:6
Context6:6 Then 15 I heard something like a voice from among the four living creatures saying, “A quart 16 of wheat will cost a day’s pay 17 and three quarts of barley will cost a day’s pay. But 18 do not damage the olive oil and the wine!”
Revelation 14:3
Context14:3 and they were singing a new song before the throne and before the four living creatures and the elders. No 19 one was able to learn the song except the one hundred and forty-four thousand who had been redeemed from the earth.
1 tn Grk “six wings apiece,” but this is redundant with “each one” in English.
2 tn Some translations render ἔσωθεν (eswqen) as “under [its] wings,” but the description could also mean “filled all around on the outside and on the inside with eyes.” Since the referent is not available to the interpreter, the exact force is difficult to determine.
3 tn Or “They never stop saying day and night.”
4 tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”
sn A quotation from (or an allusion to) Isa 6:3.
5 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
6 tn Perhaps, “in the middle of the throne area” (see L&N 83.10).
7 tn Or “slaughtered”; traditionally, “slain.” The phrase behind this translation is ὡς ἐσφαγμένον (Jw" ejsfagmenon). The particle ὡς is used in Greek generally for comparison, and in Revelation it is used often to describe the appearance of what the author saw. This phrase does not imply that the Lamb “appeared to have been killed” but in reality was not, because the wider context of the NT shows that in fact the Lamb, i.e., Jesus, was killed. See 13:3 for the only other occurrence of this phrase in the NT.
8 tn Grk “killed, having.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the pronoun “he.”
9 sn The relative pronoun which is masculine, referring back to the eyes rather than to the horns.
10 tc There is good ms evidence for the inclusion of “seven” (ἑπτά, Jepta; Ì24 א 2053 2351 ÏK). There is equally good ms support for the omission of the term (A 1006 1611 ÏA pc). It may have been accidentally added due to its repeated presence in the immediately preceding phrases, or it may have been intentionally added to maintain the symmetry of the phrases or more likely to harmonize the phrase with 1:4; 3:1; 4:5. Or it may have been accidentally deleted by way of homoioteleuton (τὰ ἑπτά, ta Jepta). A decision is difficult in this instance. NA27 also does not find the problem easy to solve, placing the word in brackets to indicate doubts as to its authenticity.
11 sn See the note on the phrase the seven spirits of God in Rev 4:5.
12 tn Grk “fell down.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”
13 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
14 sn This interpretive comment by the author forms a parenthesis in the narrative.
15 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
16 tn BDAG 1086 s.v. χοῖνιξ states, “a dry measure, oft. used for grain, approximately equivalent to one quart or one liter, quart. A χ.of grain was a daily ration for one pers.…Rv 6:6ab.”
17 tn Grk “a quart of wheat for a denarius.” A denarius was one day’s pay for an average worker. The words “will cost” are used to indicate the genitive of price or value; otherwise the English reader could understand the phrase to mean “a quart of wheat to be given as a day’s pay.”
18 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
19 tn Grk “elders, and no one.” This is a continuation of the previous sentence in the Greek text, but because of the length and complexity of the sentence a new sentence was started here in the translation.
