Discovery BoxRevelation 22:13-16 
Context22:13 I am the Alpha and the Omega,
the first and the last,
the beginning and the end!) 1
22:14 Blessed are those who wash their robes so they can have access 2 to the tree of life and can enter into the city by the gates. 22:15 Outside are the dogs and the sorcerers 3 and the sexually immoral, and the murderers, and the idolaters and everyone who loves and practices falsehood! 4
22:16 “I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify to you about these things for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star!” 5
1 sn These lines are parenthetical, forming an aside to the narrative. The speaker here is the Lord Jesus Christ himself rather than the narrator.
2 tn Grk “so that there will be to them authority over the tree of life.”
3 tn On the term φάρμακοι (farmakoi) see L&N 53.101.
4 tn Or “lying,” “deceit.”
5 tn On this expression BDAG 892 s.v. πρωϊνός states, “early, belonging to the morning ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ πρ. the morning star, Venus Rv 2:28; 22:16.”
