Discovery BoxRevelation 21:19-23 
Context21:19 The foundations of the city’s wall are decorated 1 with every kind of precious stone. The first foundation is jasper, the second sapphire, the third agate, 2 the fourth emerald, 21:20 the fifth onyx, 3 the sixth carnelian, 4 the seventh chrysolite, 5 the eighth beryl, 6 the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase, 7 the eleventh jacinth, 8 and the twelfth amethyst. 21:21 And the twelve gates are twelve pearls – each one of the gates is made from just one pearl! The 9 main street 10 of the city is pure gold, like transparent glass.
21:22 Now 11 I saw no temple in the city, because the Lord God – the All-Powerful 12 – and the Lamb are its temple. 21:23 The city does not need the sun or the moon to shine on it, because the glory of God lights it up, and its lamp is the Lamb.
1 tn The perfect participle here has been translated as an intensive (resultative) perfect.
2 sn Agate (also called chalcedony) is a semiprecious stone usually milky or gray in color (L&N 2.32).
3 sn Onyx (also called sardonyx) is a semiprecious stone that comes in various colors (L&N 2.35).
4 sn Carnelian is a semiprecious gemstone, usually red in color (L&N 2.36).
5 sn Chrysolite refers to either quartz or topaz, golden yellow in color (L&N 2.37).
6 sn Beryl is a semiprecious stone, usually blue-green or green in color (L&N 2.38).
7 sn Chrysoprase is a greenish type of quartz (L&N 2.40).
8 sn Jacinth is a semiprecious stone, probably blue in color (also called “hyacinth,” but that translation is not used here because of possible confusion with the flower of the same name). See L&N 2.41.
9 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
10 tn The Greek word πλατεῖα (plateia) refers to a major (broad) street (L&N 1.103).
11 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic. Every verse from here to the end of this chapter begins with καί in Greek, but due to differences between Greek and contemporary English style, these have not been translated.
12 tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”
