¹ tn Grk “from where,” but status is in view rather than physical position. On this term BDAG 838 s.v. πόθεν 1 states, “from what place? from where?…In imagery μνημόνευε πόθεν πέπτωκες remember from what (state) you have fallen Rv 2:5.”

² tn Grk “and do” (a continuation of the previous sentence in the Greek text). For stylistic reasons in English a new sentence was started here in the translation. The repeated mention of repenting at the end of the verse suggests that the intervening material (“do the deeds you did at first”) specifies how the repentance is to be demonstrated.

³ tn Or “you did formerly.”

⁴ tn Although the final clause is somewhat awkward, it is typical of the style of Revelation.

⁵ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

⁶ tn The precise significance of ἐν (en) here is difficult to determine.

⁷ tn On μεσουρανήματι (mesouranhmati) here see L&N 1.10: “high in the sky, midpoint in the sky, directly overhead, straight above in the sky.” The birds mentioned here are carrion birds like vultures, circling high overhead, and now being summoned to feast on the corpses.

⁸ tn This is the same Greek word (δεῖπνον, deipnon) used in 19:9.

⁹ tn Grk “jasper, having.” Here a new sentence was started in the translation.

¹⁰ tn Grk “a (city) wall great and high.”

¹¹ tn On this term BDAG 897 s.v. πυλών 1 states, “gate, esp. of the large, impressive gateways at the entrance of temples and palaces…of the entrances of the heavenly Jerusalem…οἱ πυλῶνες αὐτῆς οὐ μὴ κλεισθῶσιν its entrances shall never be shut Rv 21:25; cp. vss. 12ab, 13abcd, 15, 21ab; 22:14.”

¹² tn Grk “of the sons of Israel.” The translation “nation of Israel” is given in L&N 11.58.

¹³ tn Grk “on them”; the referent (the gates) has been specified in the translation for clarity.