¹ tc The “therefore” (οὖν, oun) is not found in א 2053 2329 2351 Ï^A or the Latin mss. It is, however, included in impressive witnesses such as {A C 046 1006 1611 sy^p,h co}. Though the conjunction looks at first glance like a scribal clarification, its omission may be explained on the basis of its similarity to the last three letters of the verb “repent” (μετανόησον, metanohson; since οὖν is a postpositive conjunction in Greek, the final three letters of the verb [-σον, -son] would have been immediately followed by ουν). A scribe could have simply passed over the conjunction in his copy when he saw the last three letters of the imperative verb. A decision is difficult, however, because of the motivation to add to the text and the quality of witnesses that lack the conjunction.

² tn Grk “with them”; the referent (those people who follow the teaching of Balaam and the Nicolaitans) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

⁴ tn Grk “so that he might make her swept away.”

⁵ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present here.

⁶ tn Grk “the earth helped the woman.”

⁷ tn Grk “the earth opened its mouth” (a metaphor for the ground splitting open).

⁸ tn Grk “and there was given to him.” Here the passive construction has been simplified, the referent (the beast) has been specified for clarity, and καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

⁹ tn For the translation “proud words” (Grk “great things” or “important things”) see BDAG 624 s.v. μέγας 4.b.

¹⁰ tn Grk “to it was granted.”

¹¹ tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.

¹² tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the permission granted to the beast.

¹³ tn Grk “he” (or “it”); the referent (the beast) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹⁴ tc The reading “and his dwelling place” does not occur in codex C, but its omission is probably due to scribal oversight since the phrase has the same ending as the phrase before it, i.e., they both end in “his” (αὐτοῦ, autou). This is similar to the mistake this scribe made in 12:14 with the omission of the reading “and half a time” (καὶ ἥμισυ καιροῦ, kai {hmisu kairou).

¹⁵ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

¹⁶ tn On the translation of ἐχορτάσθησαν (ecortasqhsan) BDAG 1087 s.v. χορτάζω 1.a states, “of animals, pass. in act. sense πάντα τὰ ὄρνεα ἐχορτάσθησαν ἐκ τῶν σαρκῶν αὐτῶν all the birds gorged themselves with their flesh Rv 19:21 (cp. TestJud. 21:8).”

¹⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the parenthetical nature of the following description of the beast.

¹⁸ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

¹⁹ tn Grk “gave it”; the referent (the beast) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

²⁰ tn For the translation “authority to rule” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.