¹ tc The “therefore” (οὖν, oun) is not found in א 2053 2329 2351 Ï^A or the Latin mss. It is, however, included in impressive witnesses such as {A C 046 1006 1611 sy^p,h co}. Though the conjunction looks at first glance like a scribal clarification, its omission may be explained on the basis of its similarity to the last three letters of the verb “repent” (μετανόησον, metanohson; since οὖν is a postpositive conjunction in Greek, the final three letters of the verb [-σον, -son] would have been immediately followed by ουν). A scribe could have simply passed over the conjunction in his copy when he saw the last three letters of the imperative verb. A decision is difficult, however, because of the motivation to add to the text and the quality of witnesses that lack the conjunction.

² tn Grk “with them”; the referent (those people who follow the teaching of Balaam and the Nicolaitans) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

³ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

⁴ tn Or “be victorious over”; traditionally, “overcome.”

⁵ tn Grk “behold” (L&N 91.13).

⁶ sn See the note on synagogue in 2:9.

⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast between what these people claimed and what they were.

⁸ tn The verb here is ποιέω (poiew), but in this context it has virtually the same meaning as δίδωμι (didwmi) used at the beginning of the verse. Stylistic variation like this is typical of Johannine literature.

⁹ tn The verb here is προσκυνήσουσιν (proskunhsousin), normally used to refer to worship.

¹⁰ tn Or “and know,” “and recognize.”