¹ tn The Hebrew noun translated “waves” often refers to rivers or streams, but here it appears to refer to the surging waves of the sea (see v. 4, Ps 24:2).

² tn Heb “the waves lift up, O Lord, the waves lift up their voice, the waves lift up their crashing.”

³ sn The lions’ roaring is viewed as a request for food from God.

⁴ tn This verb is often used of a lion’s roar, so the psalmist may be comparing the enemy to a raging, devouring lion.

⁵ tn Heb “your meeting place.”

⁶ tn Heb “they set up their banners [as] banners.” The Hebrew noun אוֹת (’ot, “sign”) here refers to the enemy army’s battle flags and banners (see Num 2:12).