Discovery BoxPsalms 78:5-9 
Context78:5 He established a rule 1 in Jacob;
he set up a law in Israel.
He commanded our ancestors
to make his deeds known to their descendants, 2
78:6 so that the next generation, children yet to be born,
might know about them.
They will grow up and tell their descendants about them. 3
78:7 Then they will place their confidence in God.
They will not forget the works of God,
and they will obey 4 his commands.
78:8 Then they will not be like their ancestors,
who were a stubborn and rebellious generation,
a generation that was not committed
and faithful to God. 5
78:9 The Ephraimites 6 were armed with bows, 7
but they retreated in the day of battle. 8
1 tn The Hebrew noun עֵדוּת (’edut) refers here to God’s command that the older generation teach their children about God’s mighty deeds in the nation’s history (see Exod 10:2; Deut 4:9; 6:20-25).
2 tn Heb “which he commanded our fathers to make them known to their sons.” The plural suffix “them” probably refers back to the
3 tn Heb “in order that they might know, a following generation, sons [who] will be born, they will arise and will tell to their sons.”
4 tn Heb “keep.”
5 tn Heb “a generation that did not make firm its heart and whose spirit was not faithful with God.” The expression “make firm the heart” means “to be committed, devoted” (see 1 Sam 7:3).
6 tn Heb “the sons of Ephraim.” Ephraim probably stands here by synecdoche (part for whole) for the northern kingdom of Israel.
7 tn Heb “ones armed, shooters of bow.” It is possible that the term נוֹשְׁקֵי (noshÿqey, “ones armed [with]”) is an interpretive gloss for the rare רוֹמֵי (romey, “shooters of”; on the latter see BDB 941 s.v. I רָמָה). The phrase נוֹשְׁקֵי קֶשֶׁת (noshÿqey qeshet, “ones armed with a bow”) appears in 1 Chr 12:2; 2 Chr 17:17.
8 sn They retreated. This could refer to the northern tribes’ failure to conquer completely their allotted territory (see Judg 1), or it could refer generally to the typical consequence (military defeat) of their sin (see vv. 10-11).
