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Psalms 78:42-50

Context

78:42 They did not remember what he had done, 1 

how he delivered them from the enemy, 2 

78:43 when he performed his awesome deeds 3  in Egypt,

and his acts of judgment 4  in the region of Zoan.

78:44 He turned their rivers into blood,

and they could not drink from their streams.

78:45 He sent swarms of biting insects against them, 5 

as well as frogs that overran their land. 6 

78:46 He gave their crops to the grasshopper,

the fruit of their labor to the locust.

78:47 He destroyed their vines with hail,

and their sycamore-fig trees with driving rain.

78:48 He rained hail down on their cattle, 7 

and hurled lightning bolts down on their livestock. 8 

78:49 His raging anger lashed out against them, 9 

He sent fury, rage, and trouble

as messengers who bring disaster. 10 

78:50 He sent his anger in full force; 11 

he did not spare them from death;

he handed their lives over to destruction. 12 

1 tn Heb “his hand,” symbolizing his saving activity and strength, as the next line makes clear.

2 tn Heb “[the] day [in] which he ransomed them from [the] enemy.”

3 tn Or “signs” (see Ps 65:8).

4 tn Or “portents, omens” (see Ps 71:7). The Egyptian plagues are referred to here (see vv. 44-51).

5 tn Heb “and he sent an insect swarm against them and it devoured them.”

6 tn Heb “and a swarm of frogs and it destroyed them.”

7 tn Heb “and he turned over to the hail their cattle.”

8 tn Heb “and their livestock to the flames.” “Flames” here refer to the lightning bolts that accompanied the storm.

9 tn Heb “he sent against them the rage of his anger.” The phrase “rage of his anger” employs an appositional genitive. Synonyms are joined in a construct relationship to emphasize the single idea. For a detailed discussion of the grammatical point with numerous examples, see Y. Avishur, “Pairs of Synonymous Words in the Construct State (and in Appositional Hendiadys) in Biblical Hebrew,” Semitics 2 (1971): 17-81.

10 tn Heb “fury and indignation and trouble, a sending of messengers of disaster.”

11 tn Heb “he leveled a path for his anger.” There were no obstacles to impede its progress; it moved swiftly and destructively.

12 tn Or perhaps “[the] plague.”



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