Discovery BoxNumbers 1:3 
Context1:3 You and Aaron are to number 1 all in Israel who can serve in the army, 2 those who are 3 twenty years old or older, 4 by their divisions. 5
Numbers 1:45
Context1:45 All the Israelites who were twenty years old or older, who could serve in Israel’s army, were numbered 6 according to their families.
Numbers 3:15
Context3:15 “Number the Levites by their clans 7 and their families; every male from a month old and upward you are to number.” 8
Numbers 3:28
Context3:28 Counting every male from a month old and upward, there were 8,600. They were responsible for the care 9 of the sanctuary.
Numbers 3:40
Context3:40 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Number all the firstborn males of the Israelites from a month old and upward, and take 10 the number of their names.
Numbers 3:43
Context3:43 And all the firstborn males, by the number of the names from a month old and upward, totaled 22,273.
Numbers 26:2
Context26:2 “Take a census of the whole community of Israelites, from twenty years old and upward, by their clans, 11 everyone who can serve in the army of Israel.” 12
Numbers 26:4
Context26:4 “Number the people 13 from twenty years old and upward, just as the Lord commanded Moses and the Israelites who went out from the land of Egypt.”
Numbers 28:27
Context28:27 But you must offer as the burnt offering, as a sweet aroma to the Lord, two young bulls, one ram, seven lambs one year old,
Numbers 29:2
Context29:2 You must offer a burnt offering as a sweet aroma to the Lord: one young bull, one ram, and seven lambs one year old without blemish.
1 tn The verb (פָּקַד, paqad) means “to visit, appoint, muster, number.” The word is a common one in scripture. It has as its basic meaning the idea of “determining the destiny” of someone, by appointing, mustering, or visiting. When God “visits,” it is a divine intervention for either blessing or cursing. Here it is the taking of a census for war (see G. André, Determining the Destiny [ConBOT], 16).
2 tn The construction uses the participle “going out” followed by the noun “army.” It describes everyone “going out in a military group,” meaning serving in the army. It was the duty of every able-bodied Israelite to serve in this “peoples” army. There were probably exemptions for the infirm or the crippled, but every male over twenty was chosen. For a discussion of warfare, see P. C. Craigie, The Problem of War in the Old Testament, and P. D. Miller, “The Divine Council and the Prophetic Call to War,” VT 18 (1968): 100-107.
3 tn The text simply has “from twenty years old and higher.”
4 tn Heb “and up.”
5 tn The noun (צָבָא, tsava’) means “army” or “military group.” But the word can also be used for nonmilitary divisions of labor (Num 4:3).
6 tn Literally the text has, “and all the numbered of the Israelites were according to their families.” The verb in the sentence is actually without a complement (see v. 46).
7 tn Heb “the house of their fathers.” So also in v. 20.
8 tn Heb “you are to/shall number them.”
9 tn The construction here is a little different. The Hebrew text uses the participle in construct plural: שֹׁמְרֵי (shomÿrey, literally “keepers of”). The form specifies the duties of the 8,600 Kohathites. The genitive that follows this participle is the cognate מִשְׁמֶרֶת (mishmeret) that has been used before. So the expression indicates that they were responsible for the care of this part of the cult center. There is no reason to delete one of the forms (as does J. A. Paterson, Numbers, 42), for the repetition stresses the central importance of their work.
10 tn The verb נָשָׂא (nasa’, “take”) has here the sense of collect, take a census, or register the names.
11 tn Heb “house of their fathers.”
12 tn Heb “everyone who goes out in the army in Israel.”
13 tn “Number the people” is added here to the text for a smooth reading.
